(1) (a) (b) (c) Identify the three main products resulting from the OH initiated oxidation of 2,2-dimethylbutane, (CH3)3CCH₂CH3, in polluted urban air and propose mechanisms for their formation. Calculate the lifetime of 2,2-dimethylbutane in the troposphere given the following information; = k(OH+2,2-dimethylbutane) - 2.6 x 10-¹2 cm³ molecules! [OH] (average) 1 10° molecule cm³ Briefly describe a suitable method for measurement of 2,2- dimethylbutane in air.

(1) (a) (b) (c) Identify the three main products resulting from the OH initiated oxidation of 2,2-dimethylbutane, (CH3)3CCH₂CH3, in polluted urban air and propose mechanisms for their formation. Calculate the lifetime of 2,2-dimethylbutane in the troposphere given the following information; = k(OH+2,2-dimethylbutane) - 2.6 x 10-¹2 cm³ molecules! [OH] (average) 1 10° molecule cm³ Briefly describe a suitable method for measurement of 2,2- dimethylbutane in air.

Chemistry

10th Edition

ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Determine the order of the reaction with respect to H2. O 3rd order O Oth order O 2nd order O 1st order
Consider the following gas phase reaction at constant volume: 2CH2N2(g) −→ 2N2(g) + C2H4(g) i) Given that the initial pressure is p0 calculate the total pressure after three quarters of the CH2N2(g) has reacted. ii) Derive an equation which shows how the total pressure varies as a function of the fraction, α, of the CH2N2(g) that has reacted. iii) Sketch a graph which shows how the pressure varies as a function of α
The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)ΔH∘rxn=−122.8 kJ(2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)ΔH∘rxn=−285.3 kJ(3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) ΔH∘rxn= ?(1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)ΔHrxn°=−122.8 kJ(2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)ΔHrxn°=−285.3 kJ(3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) ΔHrxn°= ? ΔH∘rxn=ΔHrxn°=__________________________________________kJ
The maximum rate I at which oxygen molecules can be consumed by a bacterium or radius R in a lake where the concentration of oxygen is co = 0.2 mole m³ increases with the first power of R. We might expect the oxygen consumption, however, to increase roughly with an organism's volume. Together, this statements imply an upper limit to the size of a bacterium: If R gets too large, the bacterium would literally suffocate. The actual metabolic activity of a bacterium is about 0.02 mole kg-' sl. What limit do you then get on the size R of a bacterium? Compare to the size of a real bacteria. Can you think of some way for a bacterium to evade this limit?
A reaction that contributes to the depletion of ozone in thestratosphere is the direct reaction of oxygen atoms withozone:O(g) + O3(g) ----->2 O2(g) At 298 K the rate constant for this reaction is 4.8 x105M-1 s-1. (a) Based on the units of the rate constant, writethe likely rate law for this reaction. (b) Would you expectthis reaction to occur via a single elementary process?Explain why or why not. (c) Use ΔHf° values estimate the enthalpy change for this reaction.Would this reaction raise or lower the temperature of thestratosphere?
The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1)ClO(g)+O3(g)⟶Cl(g)+2O2(g)Δ?∘rxn=−122.8 kJ (2)2O3(g)⟶3O2(g)Δ?∘rxn=−285.3 kJ (3)O3(g)+Cl(g)⟶ClO(g)+O2(g) Δ?∘rxn= ?
Many chemical reactions follow the law which states that the velocity of the reaction is proportional to the difference between the initial concentration of the reagent and the amount transformed at any time. dx 3D k (а — х), di 0 < x < a Where a is the original concentration and x is the amount transformed at time t. If a=10 and x = 4 after 2 minutes, find the amount left after 5 minutes.
MN IN The 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was shared by Paul Crutzen, F. Sherwood Rowland, and Mario Molina for their work concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone in the stratosphere. Rowland and Molina hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS) in the stratosphere break down upon exposure to UV radiation, producing chlorine atoms. Chlorine was previously identified as a catalyst in the breakdown of ozone into oxygen gas. Using the enthalpy of reaction for two reactions with ozone, determine the enthalpy of reaction for the reaction of chlorine with ozone. (1) CIO(g) + O,(g) → Cl(g) + 20,(g) AHxn = -122.8 kJ AHn = -285.3 kJ | rxn AHn = ? (3)°O + (3)OIƆ (3)1Ɔ+(3)*o (£) (3) 0E – (3)°07 (2) rxn %3D = UXHV kJ MacBook Pro Q Search or enter website name The & %23 $4 3. 4. 5. 7. 6. delete R H. K. re B. HE MOSISO command option
Given the following plot for the decomposition of N2O5, calculate the frequency factor (A):
7. How fast is the oxidation of SO₂, in percent per hour, in the gas phase for an OH concentration of 1 × 107 radicals cm-³, a typical peak concentration in the lower troposphere? Comment on the significance of your calculated rate in light of observed rates of SO₂ oxidation of up to 30% h-¹ in the troposphere.
The gas phase reaction between hydrogen and iodine is proposed to occur as follows: step 1: 12 →21 step 2: step 2 H₂ + 2 I (a) Identify the molecularity of each step in the mechanism. step 1 → 2 HI + (b) Write the equation for the net reaction. Use the smallest integer coefficients possible. If a box is not needed, leave it blank. + (c) Identify any intemediates in this mechanism. Intermediate: Enter formula. If none, leave box blank:
Identify the oxidizing agent in the chemical reaction 5Fe+2(aq) + MnO4-(aq) + 8H+(aq) 5Fe+3 + Mn+2(aq) + 4H2O(l) The answer is ……………………………… Calculate the total number of atoms in 500 Ml OF 0.200 M KNO3 solution. The answer is ……………………………… Mg has three stable isotopes. Given a sample of Mg with the following masses and percent abundances: 24Mg: 23.9850 amu, 58.42% 25Mg: 24.9858 amu, 15.22% 26Mg: 25.9826 amu, 26.36% The average atomic mass (in amu) is …………………… What mass of Na2SO4 is needed to prepare 350. mL of a solution having a sodium ion concentration of 0.125 M The answer is ………………………