. The genetic code is thought to have evolved to maximize genetic stabilityby minimizing the effect on protein function of most substitution muta-tions (single-base changes). We will use the six arginine codons to test thisidea. Consider all of the substitutions that could affect all of the six argininecodons.(a) How many total mutations are possible?(b) How many of these mutations are "silent," in the sense that the mutantcodon is changed to another Arg codon?(c) How many of these mutations are conservative, in the sense that an Argcodon is changed to a functionally similar Lys codon?

Arginine is coded by six mRNA codons.

Answered: . The genetic code is thought to have…

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

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Val (V) Ala (A) Arg (R) Ser (S) Lys (K) Start Stop Using the codon wheel below, identify which of the following mutations of the DNA sequence TTT TAC ACT would potentially have the least effect on the protein containing the sequence? Asp (D) G A JOOGA C Asn (N) اندان A داد Glu (E) 9/2/3. 20402 CAGUCAGUCAGUC GU ט|כ Thr C U G G A Gly A A Phe (F) C/U/G ●Met (M) Leu (L) GU AC C CUGA GACUGA ACUGACUG A Arg (R) G כט Ser (S) C U с Gin (Q) A G U C A G બનીનો His (H) Tyr (Y) U G C Cys (C) Pro (P) Trp (W) Leu (L) A) TTA TAC ACT B) TTT TTC TCT C) TTT TAC TGA D) TAA AAC AGA E) They would all have the same effect.
1.) Define transcription and translation. How does transcription and translation differ in prokaryotes vs. eukaryotes (i.e. What is present in one but not the other)? 2.) What it means when we say that genetic code is redundant? 3.) Describe the stages of transcription (in detail for each step) - what components are required? 4.) Describe the stages of translation in eukaryotes (initiation, elongation, termination)
First start with a pre-MRNA with four exons and three introns and diagram the splicing reactions leading to the four exons being spliced together (a) Second, show the following two alternative splicing diagrams that would produce (b) intron 2 retention, otherwise similar to part (a) (c) mutually exclusive exon (exon 1- either exon 2 or exon 3 -- exon 4) (d) exon 2 skipping, otherwise, similar to part (a). For part (d), explain how an SR protein could influence whether exon 2 is skipped. What would happen if SR binding to the exon 2 ESE was weak? Which MRNA isoform would be more abundant?
Which of the following mutations in the protein-coding region of a gene is more likely to lead to complete loss of function of the encoded protein: an insertion of six nucleotides or a deletion of two nucleotides? Briefly explain your answer.
Before the Genetic Code was solved, scientists predicted that mRNA codons would need to be a minimum of three bases long (ex. AAA, not AA or A) to code for a single amino acid. What was the reason they predicted this?
Given the following diagram of how protein AWESOME1 binds to it's target DNA, describe the potential effects of each of the 5 mutations shown below. The wild-type sequence of a helix #1 is also shown in the blue box, and all the mutations are in helix #1 (see numbers for identifying particular residues). a helix #1 R(1)-V-I-L-Y-F-W-I-M-Y-F-S-H-Y-W-R(16) #1 Predict the consequence of the following mutations: 1) Arg(1) to Glu 2) Arg(1) to Ala 3) Phe(6) to lle 4) Trp(7) to Phe 5) Met(9) to Pro in
For each of the following, identify whether that sequence or feature of a typical protein-coding gene would be recognizable in the specified molecule in a typical prokaryotic cell. 5' UTR in DNA? 5' UTR in mRNA? Shine-Dalgarno in DNA? Shine-Dalgarno in polypeptide? Promoter in RNA? Promoter in polypeptide sequence? Stop codon in mRNA? Stop codon in the polypeptide sequence? [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] > <

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