. SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Epinephrine initiates a signal transduction pathway that produces cyclic AMP (cAMP) and leads to thebreakdown of glycogen to glucose, a major energy source forcells. But glycogen breakdown is only part of the fight-or-flightresponse that epinephrine brings about; the overall effect onthe body includes an increase in heart rate and alertness, as wellas a burst of energy. Given that caffeine blocks the activity ofcAMP phosphodiesterase, propose a mechanism by which caffeine ingestion leads to heightened alertness and sleeplessness

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