homework#5

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University of Alabama, Birmingham *

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Statistics

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Feb 20, 2024

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Assignment 5 Upload your SPSS output file (.spv) along with this Word document when you submit your assignment on Canvas. Failing to comply with these requirements will result in a zero. *** Make sure to answer each question completely. *** The Coronary Artery Initiative was founded to investigate the causes of hypercholesterolemia (high blood cholesterol), a condition known to be a risk factor for heart attacks. The scientists decided to focus on cigarette smoking (sticks per day), exercise (number of hours spent exercising per week), and sedentariness (number of hours spent sitting or lying down per day) since prior studies have shown these variables to be associated with total blood cholesterol. They collected data from 30 participants and saved them in a file called Hyperchol.xlsx. The four variables are: number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of hours they spent exercising per week, total blood cholesterol level, and number of hours spent sedentary per day. 1. Enter your data into SPSS. Remember to give your variables names of your choice that SPSS can recognize. Save this dataset file to a file name of your choice. (1 point) 2. The scientists want to see if the three variables (number of cigarettes smoked per day, number of hours they spent exercising per week, and total blood cholesterol level) are significantly correlated with each other. Perform the appropriate analysis for all possible pairs of these variables. Paste the correlation matrix you obtained from SPSS output window to the space below. (1 point) 3. Report the results from your analysis: (3 points)  For the cigarettes*exercise correlation: r = -0.320, p = 0.085

 For the cigarettes*cholesterol level correlation: r = 0.469, p = 0.009  For the exercise*cholesterol level correlation: r = -0.519 , p = 0.003 4. In full sentences please explain the relationship between (a) cigarettes and exercise, (b) cigarettes and cholesterol level, and (c) exercise and cholesterol level. Make sure to discuss magnitude (how strong is the relationship), direction (is this a positive or inverse relationship), and significance (based on the p-value, was the relationship due to something more than chance?). (3 points) (a) Cigarettes and exercise are not significantly correlated, and there is a low magnitude negative relationship between them. (b) Cigarettes and cholesterol level are significantly correlated, and there is a moderate positive relationship between them. c) exercise and cholesterol level are significantly correlated, and there is a moderate negative relationship between them. 5. Now the scientists want to use number of hours spent sitting or lying down per day (sedentariness) to predict total blood cholesterol level. Use the same dataset as above to perform the appropriate analysis to answer this question. Paste the ANOVA table you obtained from SPSS output window to the space below. (2 points) Hint: Although you will have an ANOVA table in your output, you are not performing a One-way ANOVA or Factorial ANOVA. Pay close attention to the wording of the question. 6. State the null and alternative hypotheses for this analysis (2 points): H0: There is no significant relationship between hours spent sitting or lying down per day (sedentariness) and total blood cholesterol level. H1: There is a significant relationship between hours spent sitting or lying down per day (sedentariness) and total blood cholesterol level. 7. Based on your ANOVA table from the regression output, is the overall prediction/regression model significant? Please answer in full sentences and report the p-value from the ANOVA table to justify your answer. (2 points)

Based on the ANOVA table, the overall prediction/regression model is significant as the p-value is 0.001 (which is less than 0.05, making it significant). 8. Looking at your R2 value .... a. Provide an interpretation of how much variance in cholesterol is accounted for by sedentariness. (2 points) (e.g., __% of variance in cholesterol is accounted for by sedentariness.) 81% of variance in cholesterol is accounted for by sedentariness. b. Evaluate if you think this is a decent percent accounted for, or if other variables may need to be looked at. (1 point) (e.g., This is a substantial amount of variance accounted for .... OR This is a low amount of variance accounted for .... I think other variables should be looked at such as...) I believe 81% is a substantial amount of variance in cholesterol accounted for by sedentariness and other variables won’t need to be looked at. 9. For our regression equation, the slope (m) = and the intercept (b) =. Use these values to create a regression line equation using the form: Y = mX + b (3 points) Y= mX + b Y = 6.978X + 136.552 10. How would you explain your regression results (with numbers)? (hint: you will use one of the values from the regression equation above) (3 points) (e.g., For each one unit increase in <X>, <Y> increases/decreases by ______.) For each hour a person spent sitting or lying down per day (sedentariness), the total cholesterol level increases by 6.978, on average. 11. Obtain a scatter plot of sedentariness* cholesterol level. Paste the scatter plot you obtained from the SPSS output window to the space below. [Tip: Go to Graphs  then Chart Builder] (2 points)

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