Week 7 assignment

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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Statistics

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Feb 20, 2024

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u07a1 – ANOVA Complete the following problems within this Word document. (Do not submit other files.) Show your work for problem sets that require calculations. Ensure that your answer to each problem is clearly visible. (You may want to highlight your answer or use a different type color to set it apart.) Submit the document to your instructor by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. central time. Problem Set 7.1: Critical Value Criterion: Explain the relationship between k and power based on calculated k values. Instructions: Read the following and answer the question. Work through the following and write down what you see in the F- table. This will help familiarize you with the table. The F- table. The degrees of freedom for the numerator ( k − 1) are across the columns; the degrees of freedom for the denominator ( N k ) are across the rows in the table. A separate table is included for a .05 and .01 level of significance. Increasing the levels of the independent variable ( k ): 1. Suppose we have a sample size of 24 participants ( N = 24). Record the critical values given the following values for k : .05 .01 k = 2 k = 4 k = 6 k = 8 4.30 3.10 2.77 2.66 7.95 4.94 4.25 4.03 2. As k increases (from 1 to 8), does the critical value increase or decrease? Based on your answer, explain how k is related to power. When k increases from 1 to 8 causing the value to decrease letting k having the amount levels decreasing. Problem Set 7.2: Interpret ANOVA Results Criterion: Interpret the results of an ANOVA. Instruction: Read the following and answer the question. Data: Life satisfaction among sport coaches.  Drakou et al. (2006) tested differences in life satisfaction among sport coaches. They tested differences by sex, age, marital status, and education. The results of each test in the following table are similar to the way in which the data were given in their article. Independent Variables Life Satisfaction M SD F P Sex 0.68 .409 1
Independent Variables Life Satisfaction M SD F P Men 3.99 0.51 Women 3.94 0.49 Age 3.04 .029 20s 3.85 0.42 30s 4.03 0.52 40s 3.97 0.57 50s 4.02 0.50 Marital status 12.46 .000 Single 3.85 0.48 Married 4.10 0.50 Divorced 4.00 0.35 Education 0.82 .536 High school 3.92 0.48 Postsecondary 3.85 0.54 University degree 4.00 0.51 Masters 4.00 0.59 1. Which factors were significant at a .05 level of significance? _ Marital status & age 2. State the number of levels for each factor. __ Sex -level 2 __ Age- level 4 __Marital Status- level 3 __Education – level 4 Problem Set 7.3: One-way ANOVA in JASP Criterion: Calculate an ANOVA in JASP. Data: Use the Stress data set. This data set is a record of the amount of fat (in grams) consumed in a buffet- style lunch among professional bodybuilders under conditions of high, moderate, and low stress. Instructions: Complete the steps below. 1. Download Stress data set. Double-click the icon to open the data set in JASP. 2. In the Toolbar , click ANOVA. In the menu that appears, under Classical, select ANOVA. 3. Select Fat grams consumed and then click the upper Arrow to send it over to the Dependent Variable box. 4. Select Stress level and then click the lower Arrow to send it over to the Fixed factors box. 5. Check the Descriptive statistics box. 6. Copy and paste the output below. Note : You will continue to use this data set for Problem Set 7.6. 2
Problem Set 7.4: One-way ANOVA in Excel Criterion: Calculate an ANOVA in Excel. Instructions: Use the data from the table below to complete the following steps: a. Open Excel to an empty sheet. b. Enter the data from this table: Stress Levels High Moderate Low 10 9 9 7 4 4 8 7 6 12 6 5 3
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6 8 7 c. In Row 1 , enter High in cell A1, Moderate in cell B1, and Low in cell C1. d. In the toolbar, click Data Analysis , select Anova: Single Factor, and click OK. e. In Input Range : $A$1:$C$6, put a check next to Labels in First Row , click OK. f. Results will appear in a new sheet to the left, copy and paste the input below. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY Groups Coun t Su m Averag e Variance High 5 43 8.6 5.8 Moderate 5 34 6.8 3.7 Low 5 31 6.2 3.7 ANOVA Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value F crit Between Groups 15.6 2 7.8 1.772727273 0.211576255 3.885293835 Within Groups 52.8 12 4.4 Total 68.4 14 Problem Set 7.5: One-way ANOVA Results in APA Style Criterion: Report ANOVA results in APA format. Data: Use the results from Problem Set 7.4. Instructions: Complete the following: a. State the null hypothesis. _ When reviewing the stress levels of low, high, & medium there were no differences when comparing them. b. Report your results in APA format (as you might see them reported in a journal article). _ When looking at the data provided for the stress levels of low, medium, & high the average levels there was no significance in the mean. The level for high was 8.6, medium was 6.8, & low was 6.2. Problem Set 7.6: Tukey HSD Test in JASP Criterion: Calculate post hoc analyses in JASP. 4
Data: Use Stress data set from Problem Set 7.3. Instructions: Complete the steps below. (Note: The first 7 steps below are repeated from Problem Set 7.3.). 1. Download Stress data set. Double-click the icon to open the data set in JASP. 2. In the Toolbar , click ANOVA. In the menu that appears, under Classical, select ANOVA. 3. Select Fat grams consumed and then click the upper Arrow to send it over to the Dependent Variable box. 4. Select Stress level and then click the lower Arrow to send it over to the Fixed factors box. 5. Check the Descriptive statistics box. 6. Select Post-Hoc Tests. In the menu that appears, select Stress level and then click the Arrow to move it from the left to the right box. 7. Check Standard and Tukey and uncheck any other boxes in the Post-Hoc area. 8. Copy and paste the output below. Note : You will use these results for Problem Set 7.7. 5
Problem Set 7.7: Tukey HSD Interpretation Criterion: Interpret Tukey HSD results from JASP output. Data: Use your output from Problem Set 7.6. Instructions: Identify where significant differences exist at the .05 level between the stress levels. The value of F is significant because of the difference between the low to high and the difference between the high-moderate to moderate low showed no difference. Problem Set 7.8 Variables for Week 9 Assignment Criterion: Define your two variables for the Week 9 Assignment. Instructions: In this section you need to define the two specific variables you selected from the Grades data file for use in the Week 9 assignment and you need to define them in the following ways: (1) variable name and definition, (2) scale of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) which ties into WHICH type of statistical analysis you can use (Privitera, 2018). 6
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The two variables that I will choose is gender which can be split into 2 groups (male- group 1 female-group2) and the measurement used be scale (implement). Then I would use marital status (single or divorced) which could be split into 2 groups as well and would be nominal. Reference Privitera, G. J. (2018). Statistics for the behavioral sciences (3rd ed.). Sage. 7