Teen Risky Sexual Behavior: Analyzing SES and Media Influence

Name: ___________________________________________________ PSYC 2002C Complete the worksheet by filling in all blank cells. For means plots, be sure to include axis titles, axis labels, and a legend. General background. The use of ‘strong’ illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine and heroin) has decreased among teens for the first time in decades. The rates of other risky behaviors, however, remain steady. A group of developmental psychologists were interested in the impact of several variables on risky sexual behaviors in teenagers. The data from three of their studies are below. Please complete all empty boxes in the tables below, and be sure to create a plot of the means for each data set. Note: you are welcome to make means plots using Excel or another similar program, but I recommend making them by hand using whatever loose paper you have available (definitely no need to print the coursework exercise to do this). You can draw them by hand, then take a picture of your means plots using your computer, phone, tablet, etc., and then either embed the images directly into this document OR you can submit separate documents via Canvas (if you do this, just include a note with your submission stating this). First data analysis. Does socioeconomic status (SES) interact with the type of media content that teens are exposed to affect their attitudes about risky sexual behavior? Researchers recruited 28 American teenagers to participate in a study they claimed was about rating enjoyment levels for a TV show. Teens were divided into 2 equally-sized groups based on their reported SES: low vs. high. All teens watched a half-hour segment of a nature show that was interrupted with commercial advertisements for a spring break location: teens in each SES group were randomly assigned to view ads that were either highly sexualized or ads that were neutral (again with equal numbers of participants in each group). After watching the TV show, they completed a packet of questionnaires regarding their attitudes towards sexual behaviors. Results focusing on scores of the ‘willingness to engage in risky sexual behavior’ portion of the questionnaires are shown in the tables (scores range from 1-8; higher scores indicate greater willingness). Means table Means plot SES Margin al means Low High Type of ad Neutral 2.90 2.97 Sexual 5.10 5.20 Marginal means

Two-way ANOVA summary table Source of variability df SS MS F η 2 Critical F - value Is the effect significant? Y/N Type of ad 14.410 SES 0.461 Interaction 1.100 Error 4 38.940 Total 1 54.911 Full interpretation of the results in APA format (for each possible effect, describe whether the effect is significant; if the effect is significant, then interpret the results by explaining the differences and the effect size). Note: no need to calculate or report the SD for any means if they aren’t provided to you!

1) Describe the two-way ANOVA results for IV1. If results for IV1 are significant, also describe differences between groups and interpret the effect size. 2) Describe the two-way ANOVA results for IV2. If results for IV2 are significant, also describe differences between groups and interpret the effect size. 3) Describe the two-way ANOVA results for interaction between IV1 and IV2. If results for interaction are significant, also describe differences between groups and interpret the effect size. 4) Interpret two-way ANOVA findings (i.e., what do these results mean or suggest?). Second data analysis. Does alcohol use interact with gender to influence risky sexual behavior in teens? Researchers recruited 20 American teenagers to participate in a survey study (10 girls and 10 boys). The teens were then divided into 2 equally-sized groups based on their reported monthly alcohol usage: low vs. high. Results below show their score on a risky sexual behavior questionnaire (scores range from 15-90; higher scores indicate greater engagement in risky sexual behaviors).

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Means table Means plot Alcohol use Marginal means Low High Gender Girl 35.5 47.5 Boy 35.0 48.0 Marginal means Two-way ANOVA summary table Source of variability df SS MS F η 2 Critical F - value Is the effect significant? Y/N Gender 418.1 Alcohol use 15,000.0 Interaction 2,111.3 Error 21,300.3 Total Full interpretation of the results in APA format (for each possible effect, describe whether the effect is significant; if the effect is significant, then interpret the results by explaining the differences and the effect size). Note: no need to calculate or report the SD for any means if they aren’t provided to you!

1) Describe the two-way ANOVA results for IV1. If results for IV1 are significant, also describe differences between groups and interpret the effect size. 2) Describe the two-way ANOVA results for IV2. If results for IV2 are significant, also describe differences between groups and interpret the effect size. 3) Describe the two-way ANOVA results for interaction between IV1 and IV2. If results for interaction are significant, also describe differences between groups and interpret the effect size. 4) Interpret two-way ANOVA findings (i.e., what do these results mean or suggest?). Third data analysis. This one is interesting. Based on some anecdotal evidence gathered during interviews with teens, the researchers noticed that many of the teens who reported engaging in risky sexual behaviors also reported that they were unhealthy eaters. The researchers wondered: does vegetable consumption interact with any other variables to

influence risky sexual behavior in teens? Researchers recruited 24 American teenagers to participate in a survey. The teens were then divided into 2 equally-sized groups based on their reported weekly vegetable consumption: low vs. high. They were then divided even further based on their reported relationship with their parent(s): poor vs. good. Results below show their score on a risky sexual behavior questionnaire (scores range from 15 to 90; higher scores indicate greater engagement in risky sexual behaviors). Means table Means plot Veggie consumption Marginal means Low High Relation -ship with parents Poor 78.0 40.0 59.0 Good 40.0 41.0 40.5 Marginal means 59.0 40.5 Two-way ANOVA summary table Source of variability df SS MS F η 2 Critical F - value Is the effect significant? Y/N Relationship 30,395.6 Veggie 31,059.5 Interaction 294,306.8 Error 197,573.0 Total Full interpretation of the results in APA format (for each possible effect, describe whether the effect is significant; if the effect is significant, then interpret the results by explaining the differences and the effect size). Note: no need to calculate or report the SD for any means if they aren’t provided to you!

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1) Describe the two-way ANOVA results for IV1. If results for IV1 are significant, also describe differences between groups and interpret the effect size. 2) Describe the two-way ANOVA results for IV2. If results for IV2 are significant, also describe differences between groups and interpret the effect size. 3) Describe the two-way ANOVA results for interaction between IV1 and IV2. If results for interaction are significant, also describe differences between groups and interpret the effect size. 4) Interpret two-way ANOVA findings (i.e., what do these results mean or suggest?).

Week 6 worksheet-2

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