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Introduction
This discussion examines the multifaceted issues surrounding human rights, religion, and
religious freedom in Syria. It delves into the country's intricate landscape of religious diversity
and associated challenges. This comprehensive overview draws from diverse sources, including
reports from prominent human rights organizations and international treaties, offering
recommendations for fostering religious tolerance and respecting religious freedom in Syria and
globally.
Religious Landscape in Syria
Syria is renowned for its religious diversity, where the majority of its populace adheres to Islam,
primarily Sunni Muslims. Nevertheless, substantial minority communities coexist, encompassing
Alawites, Christians, Druze, and Kurds (U.S. Department of State. 2023).
Treatment of Minority Religions
Historically, Syria has grappled with concerns regarding the equitable treatment of minority
religions. The government's partiality toward the Alawite community has led to tensions with
other religious groups. Furthermore, Christians have faced considerable challenges, particularly
amid the ongoing civil conflict, marked by attacks on churches and the displacement of Christian
communities (U.S. Department of State. 2023).
Reports by Human Rights Monitoring Groups
Prominent human rights monitoring groups such as Human Rights Watch, Freedom House, and
Amnesty International have consistently documented instances of religious intolerance in Syria.
Their reports underscore religious freedom restrictions, discrimination against minority groups,
and the manipulation of religion for political control (Freedom House, 2019).
The interweaving of Religion and Government
Syria has a historical precedent of intertwining religion with governmental affairs, with the
Alawite-dominated regime exerting influence over religious institutions. This has exacerbated
religious tensions and conflicts within the country (Human Rights Watch, 2020).
Global Cases of Religious Intolerance
The Syrian government has pointed to global religious intolerance, citing the persecution of
religious minorities in neighboring countries, such as the Yazidis in Iraq and Christians in various
Middle Eastern nations (Human Rights Watch, 2020).
International Treaties on Religious Freedom
Syria is a signatory to international agreements and treaties, including the Universal Declaration
of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, both of which
underscore the significance of religious freedom. However, effectively implementing these
commitments remains challenging (OHCHR, 2020).
Recommendations for Promoting Religious Tolerance
Syria could propose educational programs and interfaith dialogues to foster respect for religion
worldwide to nurture understanding and tolerance among diverse religious communities.
Additionally, supporting initiatives emphasizing shared values of compassion, justice, and peace
among religions could be beneficial (Human Rights Watch, 2020).
The UN's Role in Combating Religious Intolerance
The United Nations can play a pivotal role in addressing state-sponsored religious intolerance,
facilitating diplomatic dialogue between nations, advocating for human rights, and monitoring
adherence to international agreements. Furthermore, the UN should provide humanitarian aid to
persecuted religious minorities and advocate for their protection (OHCHR, 2020).
Diplomatic Pressure on Countries
In situations where a country's policies excessively restrict religious freedom and violate human
rights, diplomatic efforts and international pressure may be necessary. However, it is essential
that such approaches respect a nation's sovereignty and consider its unique context and
challenges (OHCHR, 2020).
Conclusion
Religious freedom and tolerance are fundamental aspects of human rights, and Syria confronts
intricate challenges in this domain. It is imperative for the international community, including the
United Nations and human rights organizations, to persistently address these issues and advocate
for the protection of religious minorities and the promotion of religious tolerance on a global
scale
.
References
Freedom House. (2019). Freedom in the World 2019: Syria.
https://freedomhouse.org/country/syria/freedom-world/2019
Human Rights Watch. (2020). World Report 2020: Syria
.
https://www.hrw.org/world-
report/2020/country-chapters/syria
OHCHR. (2020, August,2.).
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights
https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-
covenant-civil-and-political-rights
U.S. Department of State. (2023, May 15).
Syria - United States Department of State
. U.S.
Department of State.
https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-
freedom/syria
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