Milestone One

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1 MILESTONE ONE: SOCIAL MEDIA’S EFFECTS ON SELF-ESTEEM Social Media's Effects on Self-Esteem Nicole Tekaucic Southern New Hampshire University Topic Selection, Search Terms, and Preliminary Research Question Professor Mann 12/11/2023

2 MILESTONE ONE: SOCIAL MEDIA’S EFFECTS ON SELF-ESTEEM Social Media's Effects on Self-Esteem Topic Social media was first introduced in the early 2000s. Platforms such as Myspace and Facebook were designed to expand social interaction through the internet. With this innovation in technology, there are both pros and cons. The negative impact that social media can have on both adolescents and adults alike can be mentally detrimental. Social media use can impact one's self- esteem, causing depression and, in some cases, suicide. Many researchers believe that with the increase in the usage of social media, individuals have become casualties of lower self-esteem. This risk can affect specific genders, ages, and ethnic groups differently. I plan to determine how social media negatively affects students' self-esteem. Collecting survey data on college students' self-esteem levels using an empirical strategy. I hypothesize that social media can have a negative impact on self-esteem and confidence levels in academic students and may affect different genders, ages, and ethnic groups differently, more specifically, younger students who spend more time on social media. "The diffusion of social media coincided with a worsening of mental health conditions among adolescents and young adults in the United States, giving rise to speculation that social media might be detrimental to mental health" (Braghieri et al., 2022). I will test this hypothesis as an ordinal quantitative study using data from the answers of a Qualtrics survey of my peers to find out how their confidence levels may be affected by social media use. The independent variable in this study is self-confidence levels in students who spend time on social media, which can be conceptualized by the amount of time spent on the platform. The dependent variable is social media and how it can have adverse effects on college students

3 MILESTONE ONE: SOCIAL MEDIA’S EFFECTS ON SELF-ESTEEM and whether these effects can be determined by gender, age, and ethnicity. In turning the conceptual idea of social media having adverse effects on college students into a measure of observation, college students will be surveyed about how their emotions are affected by social media. For example, the concept of self-esteem is not directly observable. Still, it can be operationally defined in terms of self-rating scores, behavioral avoidance of social media, or physical anxiety symptoms in online social situations. "Researchers from different disciplines are barely keeping up with these overwhelming growths, trying to understand the different aspects of social media sites, including descriptive analysis of users, motivations, identity presentation, social interactions, implications, and privacy" (Hawi & Samaha, 2016). A significant concern is the negative impact social media can impose upon students' self-esteem and well-being. S earch terms  College students  Self-esteem and social media  Social media and college students  Adverse effects of social media on college students  Age, gender, and ethnicity in social media Research Question How does social media affect self-esteem, and does it affect genders, ethnic groups, and age ranges differently?

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4 MILESTONE ONE: SOCIAL MEDIA’S EFFECTS ON SELF-ESTEEM References Braghieri, L., Levy, R., & Makarin, A. (2022). Social Media and Mental Health . EconStor. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/260853/1/cesifo1_wp9723.pdf Hawi, N. S., & Samaha, M. (2016). The Relationship Among Social Media Addiction, Self- Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in University Students. Social Science Computer Review , 35 (5), 576-586. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439316660340

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