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PUAD 715 Bruce Rhodeback 1 Quasi-Experiment Definition: When trying to determine what a Quasi-experiment is, I first wanted to break down the word “Quasi.” According to Webster’s Dictionary, quasi means “having some resemblance, usually by possession of certain attributes” (Merriam-Webster). A quasi-experiment would then be “studies that aim to evaluate interventions but that do not use randomization” (Harris et al., 2006). Quasi-experiments are similar randomized trials in their effort to demonstrate causalities between interventions and outcomes. What is unique about quasi-experiments, though, is they can use both pre-intervention measures, post-intervention measures, and non-random control groups (Harris et al., 2006). Differences between quasi-experiments and true experiments: True experiments Quasi-Experiment Assignment to treatment: An examiner randomly assigns participants to control and treatment groups. Something other than a non- random method is used to assign participants to groups. Control over treatment: The examiner usually designs the treatment. The examiner often does not have control over the treatment. Use of control groups Requires the use of control and treatment groups. Control groups are not required Figure 1 (Thomas, 2022)

PUAD 715 Bruce Rhodeback 2 Why does a public administrator need to know this? From a public administration standpoint, quasi-experiments are important because, unlike most other studies, they usually allow the examiner(s) to determine a cause and an effect. In these experiments, the participants are usually selected with predefined parameters, convenience, or self-identification (Utts, 2015). Additionally, these studies are designed to be practical in most contexts and to uphold ethical standards at all times. One well-known quasi-experiment happened in 2008 in an Oregon public health study. At the time, Oregon voters agreed to increase the number of low-income residents enrolled in Medicaid, a public assistance program operated by state government (Vocht et al., 2021). The state of Oregon could not afford to enroll every resident who qualified for the program, so they developed a plan to distribute membership through a randomized lottery. Examiners had the ability to evaluate Medicaid’s impact by using already enrolled residents as a treatment group. Those who qualified but were not yet enrolled were used as the control group. This allowed examiners to collect data over time to assess an intervention that would allow Oregon to have a stronger and more useful public health program.

PUAD 715 Bruce Rhodeback 3 References Harris, A. D., McGregor, J. C., Perencevich, E. N., Furuno, J. P., Zhu, J., Peterson, D. E., & Finkelstein, J. (2006). The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in Medical Informatics . Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1380192/ Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Quasi definition & meaning . Merriam-Webster. https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/quasi Thomas, L. (2022, December 5). Quasi-experimental design: Definition, types & examples . Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quasi-experimental-design/ Utts, J. M. (2015). Chapter 4. In Seeing through statistics (4th ed., pp. 65–66). essay, Cengage Learning. Vocht, F. de, Katikireddi, S. V., McQuire, C., Tilling, K., Hickman, M., & Craig, P. (2021, February 11). Conceptualising natural and quasi experiments in public health - BMC Medical Research methodology . BioMed Central. https://bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12874-021-01224-x

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