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1 Variables, Measurement, and SPSS Walden University RSCH-8201: Quantiative Reasoning and Analysis Dr. Hijazi 2023

Variable, Measurement and SPSS Utilizing variables and measurements are integral to data collection and are imperative tools in defining measurements and relationships that may persist within data. The Afrobarometer data set consisted of surveys in which subjects were surveyed in different countries on different areas of socioeconomic status, democracy, and governance (Afrobarometer, n.d.). The mean of Q1 (Age) was 37.23, which is an imperative variable and indicator of the age of the subjects impacting their responses to the surveys concerning socioeconomic conditions, democracy, and governance. Another variable that constitutes the attitudes of the subjects is their gender. The gender of the participants can be vital in depicting an explanation of their attitudes to their socioeconomic status, democracy, and governance (Afrobarometer, n.d.). The data within the Afrobarometer regarding the gender of the subjects depicted an indication of the female responses compared to the male's responses and determined what differences may persist. An additonal contributing factor to the subjects' attitudes was their living conditions, which impacted their answers to the survey questions about socioeconomic conditions, democracy, and governance (Afrobarometer, n.d.). In measuring the unit of analysis of the research, the variables were measured by different levels of measures to interpret the data from the subjects further. Furthermore, Analyzing the variables requires a certain level of measurement in measuring the variables and classifying them within the data set. There are four measurement aspects: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio (Dietz & Kalof, 2009). The unit of measurement analysis depicts specific measurements imputing variables in different ways. For example, the 2

age and gender of the subjects would be constituted by different measurements. The subject's age would be measured at the ordinal level of measurement and gender at the nominal level. It is imperative that a variable take on different values, across individuals, countries and organizations (Dietz & Kalof, 2009, p. 34). Moreover, in reviewing the data set of the Afrobarometer, the variable depicted can be utilized for implications for social change in analyzing the data by country, age, and gender to gain an understanding of how age impacts socioeconomic status, which could then bring an account of to if more financial support may be needed to afford to live in certain countries. The data could also help identify other underlying disparities that may be repetitive within the countries to address those disparities and improve lives. 3

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References Dietz, T., & Kalof, L. (2009). Introduction to social statistics: The logic of statistical reasoning . West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 2, “Some Basic Concepts” (pp. 33–63) Walden's SPSS website Links to an external site. : http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/SPSS 4

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