SOCY344

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SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 1 OF 22 Page 1 of 22 pages QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY FINAL EXAMINATION FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY SOCY 344 PROF. CYNTHIA LEVINE-RASKY Monday, December 18,2017 INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS: This examination is THREE HOURS in length. There are 125 muitiple-choice questions. Please answer all questions on the Scantron sheet. Fill in TEST FORM A on the Scantron Sheet. Responses MUST BE FILLED OUT IN PENCIL. There is no penalty for guessing, but all erased answers must be completely erased. No aids are allowed. Provide your NAME and STUDENT NUMBER where indicated on the Scantron sheet. Fill in TEST FORM A on the Scantron Sheet. PLEASE NOTE: Proctors are unable to respond to queries about the interpretation of exam questions. Do your best to answer exam questions as written. This material is copyrighted and is for the sole use of students registered in SOCY 344 and writing this exam. This material shall not be distributed or disseminated. Failure to abide by these conditions is a breach of copyright and may also constitute a breach of academic integrity under the University Senate's Academic Integrity Policy Statement.

SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p.2 OF 22 According to sociologists, a social problem is a social condition or a pattern of behaviour that a. individuals must take action to solve themselves. b. systematically advantages a significant number of people. c. everyone agrees is harmful for all individuals and the society. d. often is of relatively short duration and problematic only for those who are affected by it. e. people believe warrants public concern and collective action to bring about change. According to C. Wright Mills, widespread unemployment resulting from changes in the national economy is a political problem a personal problem a public issue not a social problem since it will be corrected with the next change in the economy a problem for those who are unemployed but not for employed people o a0 o According to functionalists, social problems arise when a. there are discrepancies between ideal and real culture in society. b. people identify certain behaviour as a social problem and label those who engage in the behaviour as “problems.” . institutions do not fulfill their functions or when dysfunctions occur in social institutions. . individuals do not function properly within a given society. e. social organization is strong and cohesive. a o According to conflict theorists, social problems arise when a. the fair and objective system of meritocracy breaks down. b. the general stability of our stratified society is threatened. c. neo-liberalism threatens to obliterate the welfare state. d. the interests of dominant groups in capitalist society clash with those of sub-dominant groups. e. people organize social movements to resist the inequalities of race, class, and gender. According to the text, a major limitation of micro- and mid-level approaches to reducing social problems is a. Not enough emphasis is placed on the part that individuals must play in solving their own problems. b. Efforts that these levels typically lack the sustained capacity to produce changes at the national or international levels. c. Overemphasis on the structural barriers in society may make social change seem impossible. d. Individual responsibility is de-emphasized in favour of a cohesive effort to group change. e. The institutionalization of groups leads them to be complicit in the maintenance of social problems. What is the alteration, modification, or transformation of public policy, culture, or social institutions over time called?

7. 10. 11. 12. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 3 OF 22 crowds civil disobedience social movements collective behaviour social change ®pegos The Canadian Labour of Congress is an example of a. primary groups b. grassroots movements c. special interest groups d. collective behaviour e. secondary groups Social problems are defined as everything except which of the following? Social problems are: resolved by successive links of individual actions. generally understood as such. social in origin. social in its impact. social in its solution. ®ao0gw The sociological imagination is characterized by: a focus on social policy a focus on private issues a focus on macro-level change a focus on social issues a focus on the relationship between theory and private life cRrOoTw In structural functionalism, inequality is: a. illegitimate b. explained by political factors such as minimum wage legislation ¢. explained by social factors such as gender d. an outcome of meritocracy e. an outcome of structural inequality In conflict theory, inequality is: related to inequality of condition unrelated to inequality of opportunity unrelated to economic conditions explained by cultural dynamics unrelated to political conditions ®an os Which of the following conditions occur when people cannot maintain a standard of living in comparison to that of other members of their society or group? a. basic poverty b. absolute poverty

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13. 14. 15. 16. 17. c. d. €. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 4 OF 22 relative poverty minimal poverty maximal poverty Which of the following refers to the value of all economic assets, including personal property and income-producing property, minus one’s liabilities or debts? ®ao o power prestige income wealth life chances Which of the following refers to a calculation of poverty based on the income a family would need to be able to purchase a basket of goods that includes food, clothing, shelter, transportation, and is adjusted for family and community size? a. Gini index (GI) b. Poverty index (PI) c. Market Basic Measure (MBM) d. Low Income Cut off (LICO) e. Low Income Measure (LIM) Which of the following explains why health, nutrition, and housing are associated with poverty? a. The Canadian government provides medical care, food, and housing for most people who cannot afford to pay. b. Adults over age 65 are the key group affected by poverty, poor health, malnutrition, and substandard housing. c. Lack of money is the primary cause of inadequate medical care, poor nutrition, and homelessness in Canada. d. Parents with low incomes frequently spend money on entertainment, alcoholic beverages, and cigarettes rather than paying rent or putting food on the table for their children. e. Lack of a hard work ethic means those living in poverty are unable to afford to provide quality health, nutrition and housing to their children. The welfare state involves programs aimed at all of the following except: ®oao0 o pensions minimum wage social assistance employment insurance private healthcare options The decline of the welfare state involves all of the following factors except: a. b. c. increasing social spending as a policy priority deregulation as a policy priority implementing free-market principles as a policy priority

SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 5 OF 22 d. privatization as a policy priority e. reducing social spending as a policy priority 18. Which of the following refers to the ways that people may couch criticisms of racialized others in bland tones or use language that appears non-prejudicial on the surface? polite racism personal racism societal racism systemic racism institutional racism a0 oW 19. Which of the following refers to various organizational practices, policies, and procedures that discriminate, either purposely or inadvertently? a. polite racism b. personal racism c. societal racism d. systemic racism e. institutional racism 20. Which of the following refers to the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation? a. colonialism b. internal colonialism c. genocide d. racialized socialization e. ethnic socialization 21. The Roma people can be described as: a general label for nomadic groups in Europe a politically correct term for ‘Gypsies’ the preferred term for professional fortune-tellers a distinct ethnic group that migrated from India in the 11" century a distinct ethnic group members of which share a uniform identity oo ow 22. Which of the following refers to a hierarchical system of social organization in which cultural, political, and economic structures are controlled by men? masculinity patriarchy individual sexism institutional sexism heterosexism ®aoop 23. Which of the following refers to the biological, physiological, hormonal and chromosomal attributes of people? a. gender b. sex

. d. el SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 6 OF 22 gender ideology gender relations gender identity 24. Which of the following refers to the culturally and socially constructed sets of attitudes that dictate what behaviours, thoughts, and emotions are appropriate for each sex? © a0 op gender sex gender ideology gender relations gender identity 25. Which of the following refers to the invisible institutional barrier that prevents women from reaching top positions in major corporations and other large-scale organizations? Caen o the glass escalator effect the glass ceiling the gender wage gap gendered division of labour chilly climate 26. Which of the following argues that gender inequality is rooted in women’s lack of equal rights and educational opportunities? oo os socialist feminism liberal feminism radical feminism postmodern feminism black feminism 27. In structural functionalism, gender inequality is explained in all of these ways except: N Men perform instrumental (goal-oriented) tasks. Women perform expressive (emotionally-oriented) tasks. Gender differences are natural. When they become mothers, women choose to leave the labour force. When they become mothers, women are penalized for leaving the labour force. 28. In conflict theory, gender inequality is explained in all of these ways except: a. Structural forces create a gendered wage gap. b. Structural forces create gendered socialization. ® oo Structural forces create gendered job segregation. Men are over-compensated for their participation in the public sphere. Women are under-compensated for their participation in the private sphere. 29. Intersectionality involves all of these except: a. b. c. a critique of women a critique of racism a critique of sexism

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30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. d. e. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 7 OF 22 a critique of mainstream feminism a critique of “multiple axes of differentiation” Which of the following describes a situation in which some adult children struggle to provide economic and emotional support for aging parents and grandparents at the same time as they are caring for their own children? o] . productive aging b. sandwich generation c. d e generational inequality . disengagement theory . social gerontology Which of the following is not an age-based myth? e o Seniors tend to be incapacitated physically and mentaily. Seniors contribute little to society. Seniors are dependent on public transfers. Seniors’ quality of life is poor. Seniors are costly to society. Elder abuse can involve everything in this list except for: cacoen emotional abuse financial abuse physical abuse child abuse abandonment Macro-level solutions to the problems of aging include everything in this list except: ® oo op the Canadian Association for Retired Persons (CARP) pensions financial planning . public investment in community care gender equity policies Which of the following refers to attitudes, beliefs, and practices related to attraction and intimate relationships with others? o a0 o sexual identity pansexuality sexuality sexual orientation sexual expression Which of the following refers to the belief that heterosexuality is the only normal, natural, and moral mode of relating sexually? a. b. c. heteronormativity sexism homophobia

d. el SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 8 OF 22 biphobia heterosexism 36. Which of the following represents the symbolic interactionist approach to sexuality? a. o a0 o People who hold power are able to have their own attitudes, beliefs, and values about sexual orientation represented and enforced, while others are not. Most people acquire the status of heterosexual without being consciously aware of it. Most people acquire the status of homosexual without being consciously aware of it. Societies punish homosexual conduct because it violates social norms. New meanings of sexuality arose with new social movements representing diverse groups. 37. Which of the following statements most accurately describes laws regarding sexual diversity in Canada? a. d. €. It is against the law to identify as LGBTQ. It is against the law for persons of the same sex to engage in a sexual act. Some provinces have relaxed their laws pertaining to acts associated with diverse sexual identities. Same-sex practices have been decriminalized. Same sex couples enjoy the same substantive equality as do hetero couples. 38. Which of the following represents how individuals can use queer theory in their own lives? a. conforming to gender or sexuality norms b. creating new gender or sexuality norms c. replacing gender or sexuality norms d. reinforcing gender or sexuality norms e. transgressing gender or sexuality norms 39. The emergence of the LGBTQ movement in Canada involved everything on this list except: a. the 1967 statement by PM Pierre Elliott Trudeau: “The state has no place in the bedrooms of the nation.” police raids of gay establishments in the late 1970s—early 1980s mass arrests under “bawdy house” laws a mass protest by LGBTQ activists and allies in Toronto in 1981 police solidarity with LGBTQ groups 40. The concept of class and race fractures in the LGBTQ community refers to activism around entitlements for same-sex couples that is generally oriented around oaoow racialized couples exclusively lesbians exclusively white, middle-class identities exclusively bisexual couples exclusively white, queer youth exclusively 41. Queer theory involves everything in this list except:

42. 43. 45. o a0 o SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 9 OF 22 It rejects the idea of “normal” sexuality. It is generally claimed by gay men. It is deliberately vague in meaning. It has political implications. It resists hierarchy of any sex, gender, or sexual expression. Which of the following is legal about prostitution in Canada? a. buying and selling sexual services b. being involved in a common bawdy house c. communicating in a public place for the purpose of buying or selling sexual services d. living off the avails of prostitution e. the advertising of sex work Which of the following tier of sex workers are at greatest risk for experiencing serious violence? a. workers in brothels b. escorts c. call boys d. call girls e. streetwalkers Which of the following is a reason why there are no reliable estimates of the extent of prostitution in Canada? a. b. &l d. e. The activity is promoted through massage parlours and escort services. Most criminal charges are for living off the avails and we do not know how many prostitutes work for each pimp who is charged. Only one form of sex work—street prostitution—is visible enough to track. People drift in and out of sex work frequently. Sex workers make a point of not divulging information to the police. Which of the following theoretical perspectives argues that prostitution is a victimless crime because it involves willing participants in an economic exchange? o6 o liberal feminist structural functionalist conflict symbolic interactionist radical feminist Which of the following argues that pornography is a form of sexual discrimination that dehumanizes women and diminishes women’s opportunities in all areas of life? a0 o all conservatives religious conservatives anti-pornography feminists anti-censorship feminists all feminists

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47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 10 OF 22 Which of the following argues that pornography is a threat to the moral values of society? a. liberal feminists b. religious conservatives c. anti-pornography feminists d. anti-censorship feminists e. all feminists Legal models governing sex work include every one of these except: a. legitimation b. criminalization c. partial criminalization d. legalization e. decriminalization Which of the following perspectives argue that people are prone to accept attitudes and behaviours favourable to drug use if they spend time with members of a drug subculture? a. feminist b. structural functionalist c. conflict d. symbolic interactionist Which of the following perspectives argue that people in positions of power ensure the illegal status of the sale, use, and possession of drugs abused by the powerless? a. feminist b. structural functionalist c. conflict d. symbolic interactionist Which of the following perspectives argue that manufacture/sale/marketing of alcohol, tobacco, and pharmaceuticals result in huge profits for corporations at the expense of individuals and society? a. feminist b. structural functionalist c. conflict d. symbolic interactionist Which of the following findings are correct about the relationship between alcohol consumption and social class or income level? a. There are no social class differences in the consumption of alcoholic beverages. b. People with the highest and lowest incomes are the heaviest drinkers. c. Affluent people are more visible to the public when they consume too much alcohol. d. People in the working class are heavier drinkers than those in the middle and upper classes. e. The working class has the lowest alcohol consumption rate due its cost. Illegal drug use and abuse involves all of the following except:

54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 11 OF 22 borrowing or stealing medications deliberately using higher-than-recommended doses altering the route of delivery of medications using prescribed medications in accordance with the label forgery of prescriptions B R o e Which of the following refers to the acquiring and collecting of someone else’s personal information for criminal purposes? a. white collar crime b. occupational crime c. identity fraud d. property crime e. identity theft Which of the following types of crimes involve drug trafficking, prostitution, and money laundering? a. occupational b. street c. organized d. white-collar e. hate crime The following are all categories of crime that appear in Canada’s Criminal Code except for: environmental crime violent crime youth crime property crime organized crime o0 op White collar crime includes all of the following except a. fraud b. insider trading c. kickbacks d. expropriation of land ¢. Ponzi schemes Corporate crime includes all of the following except: a. violation of environmental laws b. violation of safety regulations c. selling of defective products d. deceptive advertising e. theillicit drug trade Arguments against imprisonment as deterrent include all of the points below except: a. Offenders do not always weigh the imagined benefits of committing the crime against the probability of being caught and the severity of the punishment.

61. 62. 63. 65. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 12 OF 22 The probability of being punished is not always high. Imprisonment is a desirable lifestyle option for some groups of offenders. Recidivism rates are relatively high. Law enforcement agencies do not always apprehend offenders. oo Theories of criminality that are related to structural functionalism include all of the following except: a. labelling theory b. strain theory c. social bond theory d. control theory e. lifestyle-routine activity theory Which of the following social groups have longer life expectancy? a. women b. men c. higher income people d. lowest income people e. There is no discernible pattern. Which of the following refers to prejudice and discrimination against people because of a physical or mental disability? intersectionality ageism disabled disabling ableism oo o Which of the following is a condition that makes it difficult or impossible for a person to cope with everyday life? mental health mental disorder mental illness mental disability mental disease ® a0 os Which of the following is a condition that requires extensive treatment? mental health mental disorder mental illness mental disability mental disease ® a0 op Which of the following defines deinstitutionalization? a. the practice of discharging patients from mental hospitals into the community b. the systematic underfunding of psychiatric hospitals

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66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 13 OF 22 c. the solution to the problem of “warehousing” mentally-ill patients d. the practice of committing people to psychiatric hospitals without their consent e. the practice of involuntary movement from long term care to a psychiatric ward Which of the following perspectives argues that ill people are obligated to seek and comply with the advice of a medical professional? a. symbolic interactionism b. structural functionalism c. conflict theory d. feminism The social determinants of health include all of the following factors except: a. housing b. income c. attitudes d. social exclusion ¢. unemployment The national principles of Canadian medicare includes all of these principles except: a. comprehensiveness b. universality c. public administration d. decentralization e. portability Which of the following is unrelated to the claim that healthcare is a public good? a. Healthcare is a citizenship right. b. Patients cannot exercise consumer choice over healthcare services. c. Patients depend on specialists for access to healthcare services. Patients cannot influence the costs of healthcare services as in an open market. e. Just like other services, access to healthcare services should depend on one’s income. jol From a feminist perspective, which of the following claims is unrelated to medicalization? a. Pregnancy is essentially a medical condition. b. Menopause requires medical treatment. Control over the menstrual cycle is a welcome side effect of birth control pills. The use of midwives is an option for many women who are preparing for childbirth. Hospital care is absolutely necessary for childbirth. a0 Which of the following refers to a group of people who are related to one another by blood, marriage, and who live together, form an economic unit, and bear and raise children? kinship traditional definition of family contemporary definition of family extended family the mainstream family ocac o

i) 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 14 OF 22 Which of the following refers to an institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another? a. nuclear family b. traditional definition of family ¢. contemporary definition of family d. extended family the mainstream family a Which of the following explains the “second shift”? a. Itis the overtime work that people, mainly women, take so that they can support their families. b. Itis the housework that is shared by both men and women. c. Itis the excess labour that women must perform in order to compensate for the gender wage gap. d. Itis unpaid domestic work that some men in the paid labour force do. e. Itis unpaid domestic work that many women in the paid labour force do. Which of the following is the most common form of child maltreatment? physical abuse neglect divorce sexual abuse exposure to domestic violence > a0 op Which of the following are least likely to victimize children and youth? a. respected community leaders b. friends or acquaintances c. family members d. teachers e. strangers Which of the following is unrelated to changes to the contemporary family? a. There is an improved sexual division of labour. b. Marriage is oriented around procreation. c. There is more respect for women’s rights. d. Same-sex marriage is legal. There is more egalitarianism in marriage. o Which of these is NOT a factor contributing to changes to the contemporary family? men’s participation in the labour force women’s participation in the labour force smaller family size individualism postponement of marriage oo oS

78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 15 OF 22 Which of these is NOT a trend among Canadian families? oo op a rise in common-law families a rise in mixed unions a rise in lone-parent families a rise in cohabitation a rise in nuclear families Which of these is NOT a child-related family issue? oo os pension reform divorce reproductive freedom parenting style the boomerang phenomenon Which of the following refers to how schools teach conformity and obedience through everyday routines? e e o meritocracy hidden curriculum social capital cultural capital credentialism Which of the following refers to how children from middle and upper-income homes are taught about books, art, and music? a. meritocracy b. hidden curriculum & social capital cultural capital credentialism Which of the following refers to the process where schools reproduce status as acquired through individual ability and effort? a. meritocracy b. hidden curriculum e o social capital cultural capital credentialism Which of the following refers to the process where higher levels of education are required for a particular job? oo o meritocracy hidden curriculum social capital cultural capital credentialism

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SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 16 OF 22 84. Which of the following was the main purpose of residential schools? 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. oo oy to teach traditional languages and cultural practices to Indigenous students to teach practical skills to Indigenous students ensuring their economic success to convert Indigenous students to Christianity to assimilate Indigenous children into the mainstream culture and society to improve educational equality for Indigenous students Which of the following was a response to government underfunding of post-secondary education (PSE) in Canada? a. b. d. €. Many institutions have engaged in hundreds of small scale and creative fundraising endeavors such as Bingo and even garage sales. Post-secondary institutions across the country have formed coalitions to engage in a class action suit against the government. Post-secondary institutions have appealed to the World Trade Organization to force the government to make education funding a priority. Many institutions have partnered with business and corporate interests. Post-secondary educational institutions routinely run a debt. Which of the following is a negative consequence of the commercialization of post- secondary education? A= F &8 It discourages universities from forming partnerships with corporations. There is corporate branding of certain campus buildings and spaces. It downplays the importance of universities’ fundraising activities. It encourages governments to increase funding. The universities gain new sources of revenue. In relation to educational inequalities for K-12, which of the following is untrue? a. b. c. d. €. Parents who are immigrants tend to have higher educational aspirations. Parents who are immigrants tend to have higher levels of educational achievement. The severity of educational inequality depends on the parents’ social status, occupation, and income. Children of Canadian-born parents tend to achieve higher levels of education. Children of immigrants tend to achieve higher levels of education. Which of the following refers to work where workers provide services rather than goods as their primary source of livelihood? > a0 oe advanced industrial society advanced capitalism primary sector production secondary sector production tertiary sector production Which of the following occurs as a result of lower rates of production during recessions in the business cycles? a. b. structural unemployment seasonal unemployment

90. 91. 92. 93. 9. 95. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 17 OF 22 ¢. cyclical unemployment d. unemployment e. periodic unemployment Which of the following occurs as a result of shifts in the demand for workers based on time of year? structural unemployment seasonal unemployment cyclical unemployment unemployment periodic unemployment caoc e Which of the following occurs because skills demanded by employers do not match the skills of the unemployed? structural unemployment seasonal unemployment cyclical unemployment unemployment periodic unemployment ®ao0 o Which of the following perspectives argues that power in political systems is concentrated in the hands of a small group, whereas the masses are relatively powerless? a. symbolic interactionism b. structural functionalism c. conflict theory d. feminism Which of the following perspectives argues that power is widely dispersed in society and that public policy reflects a balance among competing interest groups, not the majority group’s view? a. symbolic interactionism b. structural functionalism c. conflict theory d. feminism Which of the following perspectives argues that women have the right and ability to participate fully in political and economic spheres of social life? a. symbolic interactionism b. structural functionalism c. conflict theory d. feminism Which of the following is a decline in an economy’s total production that lasts at least six months? a. advanced capitalism b. depression

SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 18 OF 22 C. recession d. expansion e. retrenchment 96. Which of the following is untrue about transnational corporations? a. They do not have the legal power to and buy and sell property. b. They operate beyond borders. c. They are not accountable to any government. d. They are mobile. e. They have the legal power to buy and sell property. 97. In modern economic systems, wealth is concentrated in all of these forms except: a. monopoly b. oligopoly C. mergers d. conglomerates e. free trade agreements 98. Which of the following is untrue about corporate welfare? a. Governments bail out businesses that are on the verge of bankruptcy. Financial audits are an example of corporate welfare. Tax cuts are an example of corporate welfare. The deregulation of workers’ safety standards is related to corporate welfare. Corporate welfare is a public subsidy for a private organization. 99. Canadians carry large debt loads for all of these reasons except: unstable income . intolerance for financial risk precarious employment . easy credit low interest rates ®ao os 100. All of the following claims about employment precarity are correct except: It is becoming the norm in many sectors. It involves uncertainty about employment prospects, hours, and earnings. It includes temporary work, freelancing, and contract work. It has non-economic consequences. It is no barrier to long-term career planning. ®ao s 101. Which is untrue of voting patterns? a. There is no discernible pattern from election to election. b. Municipal elections get the lowest voter turnout. c. Federal elections can get the highest voter turnout. d. Voter turnout for provincial elections can be similar to voter turnout for federal elections. e. Voter apathy is a public issue.

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102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. SOCY 344/ FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 19 OF 22 Which of the following refers to businesses that own radio and television production and broadcasting, cellphones and other media? a. media concentration b. mass communication c. mass media d. media mergers e. media industries Which of the following does Shaw Cable’s owning of Corus Entertainment (radio and television services), Nelvana Limited (international producer and distributor of children’s programming and products) and a number of television networks (YTV, CMT, WTN) demonstrate? deregulation of the media industry synergy message pluralism popular culture media concentration © a0 os Which of the following refers to a negative impact of changes in media ownership? a. increase in independent journalism demand for instant profitability of journalistic endeavors the growth of entertainment options for consumers the promotion of public debate about the power of media conglomerates overemphasis on international news and the globalization of the economy ® a0 Which of the following is an impact of violent TV shows? They perpetuate violence against men. There is no causal link between the depiction of violence and aggressive behaviour. They affect children the same ways across age categories. They lead to desensitization to violence. They encourage hate crime. capeos Which of the following perspectives argue that the media provides news and information? a. symbolic interactionism b. feminism c¢. structural functionalism d. conflict theory Which of the following perspective argues that people use their own understandings to interpret what they hear and see in the media? symbolic interactionism feminism structural functionalism conflict theory /e o Which of the following perspectives argues that ownership and economic control of the

109. 110. 111. 112, 113. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 20 OF 22 media are important in determining what kinds of messages are disseminated around the globe? o op symbolic interactionism feminism structural functionalism conflict theory Which of the following focuses on the movement of people from one geographic area to another for the purpose of changing residency? o0 o mortality migration epidemiology fertility demography Which of the following argues that the global population will exceed available food supply? oA TP the demographic transition theory the neo-Malthusian perspective the Malthusian perspective the anti-Malthusian perspective the Limit to Growth perspective Which of the following argues the earth is a dying planet with too many people to feed? o0 op the demographic transition theory the neo-Malthusian perspective the Malthusian perspective the anti-Malthusian perspective the Limit to Growth perspective Which of the following is the stage of the demographic transition in which both birth rates and death rates decline? o0 o pre-industrial transitional post-industrial advanced industrial advanced capitalism Which of the following is true in relation to zero population growth? a. It refers to a situation in which there is a balance among births, deaths, and migration, causing the population to stay about the same from year to year. b. It has been reached in Canada. L2y It is determined by the aging rate of the population. It has finally been achieved due to decades of government incentives to regulate fertility and migration. It never occurs in Global North countries.

114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. SOCY 344 /| FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 21 OF 22 Which of the following is a problem created by gentrification? It gets rid of existing low-income housing, narrowing options for the poor. It gives young homeowners a way to buy property cheaply. It leads to conflict between homeowners and the homeless. It provides street people with a place to engage in deviant activities. 1t raises the living standards of everyone in that location. oo TP An environmental condition caused by excessive quantities of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide in the atmosphere is known as: acid rain the greenhouse effect ozone depletion deforestation climate change o po o The 2014 report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change discusses all of these issues except: the urgency to slash greenhouse gas emissions that human influence on global warming is “extremely likely” that sustainable development can reverse climate change that climate change will lead to high to very high risk of severe impacts globally that the impacts will be irreversible o a0 o Which of these statements is inconsistent with the Limit to Growth perspective? a. Sustainable development is recommended. b. All elements of the biosphere are connected. c. Air quality has affects on water, plants, animals, and humans. d. There are limits to the capacity of the biosphere to provide renewable resources for human use. e. We need to limit the scale of economic activity. Which theoretical perspective is concerned with the externalities of production in which the costs of environmental problems are passed on to the public through taxes? a. structural functionalism b. conflict theory c. symbolic interactionism d. feminism Which theoretical perspective promotes solutions to environmental problems through green options such as hybrid cars, wind power, and natural resource management? structural functionalism b. conflict theory ¢. symbolic interactionism d. feminism 5

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120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. SOCY 344 / FINAL EXAMINATION, p. 22 OF 22 Which of the following refers to wars between nations or parties? general warfare declared wars undeclared wars the military-industrial complex domestic warfare &S & IF Which of the following refers to civil and guerrilla wars, covert operations, and terrorism? general warfare declared wars undeclared wars the military-industrial complex domestic warfare o0 os Which of the following is not a cause of war? conflict over land natural catastrophes conflict over ideologies defense against hostile attacks racial and ethnic hostilities oo o All of the following are forms of terrorism except insurgent terrorism repressive terrorism state-sponsored terrorism home-grown terrorism revolutionary terrorism oo op Which of the following uses calculated, unlawful physical force or threats of violence against a government, organization, or individual to achieve an objective? revolutionary terrorism cyber terrorism state-sponsored terrorism terrorism repressive terrorism R0 o Prior to the diminishment of Canadian peacekeeping, Canada was involved in peace- keeping efforts that involved everything in this list except: provision of buffer zones provision of observers for troop withdrawals provision of physical barriers against violence provision of the military-industrial complex provision of monitors for military embargos cap o

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SOCY344

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