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Should Cultural Tolerance Have Limits? Nermeen Choudrhy SOC100: Introduction to Sociology I Prepared for Professor McIvor September 24, 2023 By submitting this assignment, I acknowledge that I have: (a) reviewed the assignment writing guide section on plagiarism, and (b) used citations when borrowing the ideas or words of others. I understand and acknowledge that the penalty for any case of plagiarism will be a grade of 0 on this assignment. Signature: Nermeen Choudrhy

This paper will examine the importance of implementing a policy to deal with countries that practice discriminatory cultural practices, that of which oppose Canadian values and culture. Two reasons for Canada implementing a policy for this case include advocating for human rights and standing true to the moral standings of the country. Two reasons to avoid implementing a policy for this case are the risk of appearing ethnocentric in values and the unintended consequences of an economic sanction. Through a comprehensive evaluation of the facts at hand, it is clear that Canada should implement a policy, denouncing the actions of cultural practices it deems unacceptable and implementing economic sanctions if needed, to protect human rights and to stand up for the country's citizens. First, it is vital to denounce the actions of unacceptable cultural practices when it interferes with the human rights of Canadians and those around the world. These rights, as listed by the United Nations, include freedom of religion, opinion, and expression, among others. Without the protection of human rights, the ability to maintain equality and democracy is difficult, and citizens have no guarantee of security from being harmed by discriminatory policies. (United Nations, 2022) Denouncing these violations is essential, especially considering Canada is a powerful country and an influential figure in the United Nations. Canada’s commitments to the United Nations include but are not limited to, securing sound relationships between countries, promoting human rights, and having respect for those around the world. (Government of Canada, 2023) To fulfill these commitments, it is crucial, at the minimum, to denounce actions that interfere with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Second, Canada should hold true to denouncing the unacceptable treatment of others in cultural practices to stand true to the country’s morals. Canadian morals encompass fairness, inclusion, equity, and many more. (University of Waterloo, 2020) In denouncing harmful cultural practices, Canada sends a message to Canadians that the country has a strong moral standing. Thus, giving Canadians and others worldwide the confidence that they are advocated for not only in their country but in other countries as well. In one example, regarding 2SLGBTQI+ rights, Canada promises to support initiatives that assist 2SLGBTQI+ persons to help them socially and economically. Moreover, they further this promise of support by claiming to “call on states to decriminalize same-sex conduct” (Government of Canada, 2023). Forgoing this would mean falling short on claims intended to foster a safe environment for all. Denouncing practices contradicting the country’s moral standing is necessary to maintain a consistent message between promised laws and commitments. While reprimanding the actions of another country sounds easy enough, lesser considered, there are often repercussions in doing so as well. First, the complex issue of ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism is when someone judges a culture they do not belong to, using the standards of one’s own. Although this issue feels natural to defend oneself, there have been many instances in history where ethnocentrism was a faulty justification for terrible acts. These examples include war and cultural genocide. (Dr. McIvor, 2023) The act of Canada calling out other countries for practices not favourable to it can seem sensible for specific topics that threaten human life, but often a far reach when considering others. Furthermore, this can lead to discriminatory judgements. Implementing sanctions for beliefs corresponding to religion would violate Canada’s protection of human rights. (Government of Canada, 2023) Observing this

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ethnocentric behaviour shows that contradicting the country’s protection of freedom and religion can have great negative consequences. Lastly, Canada should consider the unintended economic consequences when implementing policies against other countries and their cultural practices. Frequently, a sanction proposed against other countries is an economic one. These sanctions aim to hit another country's economy to get it to conform to a particular desired order (Government of Canada, 2023). These sanctions often negatively affect the country itself because the punishment does not fit the problem at hand. They can cause foreign policy issues between states and economic problems for Canadian finances. This is because the countries can find other sources for what they are deprived of during a sanction (Haass, 1998). It is evident through these ramifications that policies against other countries would not benefit the country’s interests. Through analysis of both the pros and cons when implementing a policy to pressure other countries to change their practices, the pros outweigh the cons. First, if certain practices are appropriate to be called out for and others aren’t, who draws the line between the two? What should one consider as a practice standard, and what goes ‘too far’? Specific issues can seem more important to a group of people and unimportant to others when the issue does not affect them. Thus, it is crucial that the country defend the safety and well-being of all. Second, economic consequences should not be the motivating factor for avoiding citizens' protection, this can appear careless and cold. Implementing a policy against countries for improper practices is ultimately the better choice. This is because protecting the country’s moral standing and defending the human rights of citizens is crucial for better quality of life in the country.

(Government of Canada, 2023) This policy should be publicly denouncing other countries' discriminatory actions and implement economic sanctions if needed. Conclusively, though complex, Canada should focus on protecting the safety and interests of itself and the country's citizens. The advantages outweigh the cons, including protecting human rights and upholding a strong moral standing in the country. Committing to these promises would ensure the country is a safe and inclusive environment for everyone. While the disadvantages of this, the risk of ethnocentrism and economic repercussions should be considered, they should not deter the country from standing firm to contributing to a better society. The main objectives remain clear: Canada must stick to promoting an inclusive and fair community by showing Canadians its interest in defending them.

Works Cited Anon. 2018. “Reflecting Canadian Values.” Canadian Index of Wellbeing . Retrieved September 23, 2023 (https://uwaterloo.ca/canadian-index-wellbeing/about-canadian- index-wellbeing/reflecting-canadian-values). Anon. n.d. “Can You Imagine a World without Human Rights? | UN Web TV.” United Nations . Retrieved September 23, 2023a (https://media.un.org/en/asset/k15/k157skazub#:~:text=Without%20human%20rights %2C%20there%20can,no%20space%20to%20speak%20up.). Anon. n.d. “Human Rights.” United Nations . Retrieved September 23, 2023b (https://www.un.org/en/global-issues/human-rights#:~:text=Human%20rights%20include %20the%20right,to%20these%20rights%2C%20without%20discrimination.). Anon. n.d. “International Human Rights Law.” OHCHR . Retrieved September 23, 2023c (https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-and-mechanisms/international-human-rights- law#:~:text=By%20becoming%20parties%20to%20international,the%20enjoyment %20of%20human%20rights.). Anon. n.d. “Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” United Nations . Retrieved September 23, 2023d (https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human- rights). Canada, Global Affairs. 2023a. “Canada and the United Nations.” GAC . Retrieved September 23, 2023 (https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations- relations_internationales/un-onu/index.aspx?lang=eng).

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Canada, Global Affairs. 2023b. “Freedom of Religion or Belief.” GAC . Retrieved September 23, 2023 (https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development- enjeux_developpement/human_rights-droits_homme/freedom_religion- liberte_religion.aspx?lang=eng). Canada, Global Affairs. 2023c. “How Canada Advances Democracy in the World.” GAC . Retrieved September 23, 2023 (https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development- enjeux_developpement/human_rights-droits_homme/advancing_democracy- avancer_democratie.aspx?lang=eng). Canada, Global Affairs. 2023d. “The Human Rights of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, 2-Spirit and Intersex Persons.” GAC . Retrieved September 23, 2023 (https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/issues_development- enjeux_developpement/human_rights-droits_homme/rights_lgbti-droits_lgbti.aspx? lang=eng). Canada, Global Affairs. 2023e. “Types of Sanctions.” GAC . Retrieved September 23, 2023 (https://www.international.gc.ca/world-monde/international_relations- relations_internationales/sanctions/types.aspx?lang=eng). Culbertson, Howard. n.d. “Ethnocentrism and Monoculturalism.” Why Are Ethnocentrism and Monoculturalism Bad? Retrieved September 23, 2023 (https://home.snu.edu/~hculbert/ethno.htm). Government of Canada, Department of Justice. 2022. “The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.” Government of Canada, Department of Justice, Electronic

Communications . Retrieved September 23, 2023 (https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/csj-sjc/rfc-dlc/ccrf-ccdl/).

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