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Policy and Professional Analysis 1 Policy and Professional Analysis Emily Williams Capella University SWK 5026: Foundation Practicum 2 Dr. Sandi Barberis February 10, 2024

Policy and Professional Analysis 2 Introduction The complexity of human behavior makes it difficult to describe and explain. There are many theories that attempt to explain human behavior and allow us to get a better understanding of it. Through the use of knowledge and theory we can study insights as to why society is the way it is and the contributions human behavior has made to it. Through analyzing and gaining an understanding of human behavior social workers can better see how individuals see, understand, and adapt to their environment. I fell the client system and population served by my practicum site is best addressed through the systems theory. Systems Theory Systems theory takes an interdisciplinary approach to understanding a client system. Hospice utilized an interdisciplinary model to care making it easy to see how this approach is evidenced based and effective in addressing the needs of hospice patients. Gaining an understanding of the client’s circumstances is the foundation that systems theory is built on. Systems theory takes into consideration an individual’s socioeconomic status, ethnicity, family, friends, school, religious beliefs, employment, and more. Systems theory seeks to understand each person as a whole considering the different aspects of their life that have an effect on the way they develop and progress (Germain & Knight, 2020). Systems Theory stems from the idea of analysis of various interactions within a client’s system changes the way they behave and interact in the world. Theoretical Application Every individual is different and their interactions with the world change the way they develop and behave. To understand and comprehend the lives of Hospice patients, a social

Policy and Professional Analysis 3 worker must take a comprehensive took at their health, living situation, support system, habits, and hobbies. For the purpose of this assignment, we will apply systems theory to the case of Redwing Jackson (pseudonym). Redwing Jackson is a is a 47-year-old Native American Male who completed 10 years of traditional education prior to dropping out. He is currently homeless, residing in a tent illegally in a field behind a local retail store. Redwing struggles with addiction, he first started using alcohol when he was 13 and later progressed to illegal drugs. He is aware that this is not a healthy lifestyle but states he has a large support system within the tent community he resides in, and this is the only family he has ever truly known. Redwing was an only child residing in a house with his alcoholic and often neglectful parents. Redwing’s childhood was less than ideal as his parents were often intoxicated and did not get along well. Redwing witnessed multiple instances of domestic violence between his parents and would often fall asleep to the sound of them screaming and throwing things at each other. Redwings father passed away from liver failure at an early age as a result of his addiction. After the passing of his father, Redwings mother did not cope well with her grief causing her to isolate and increase her drinking habits. His mother often would not notice if he didn’t attend school and would not wake up to ensure he would make it to the school bus. This resulted in Redwing dropping out. Redwing is a heterosexual; he has been married once resulting in a divorce after only 2 years. He has 6 children whom he does not have any relationship or contact with. Redwing states that he has not spoken to any of his children, of whom most are now adults in over 7 years. Redwing states he has no desire to reconnect with his children as he feels they are likely better off without him. Redwing states his only family is the few friends he has with in his tent community. Systems Theory allows us to take into consideration the way Redwing’s upbringing

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Policy and Professional Analysis 4 as described above changed the way he developed and contributed to the life choices that resulted in his current situation. Dying is a natural part of life and because of this an individual should be able to do so with dignity and quality of life. This is the hospice philosophy. Thus, why hospice utilizes an interdisciplinary approach to the care of each of its patients. Systems theory allows hospice to utilize the interdisciplinary approach and encourages a holistic view of the treatment and care provided to each patient (Martin, 2016). Social Policy Medicare assists individuals with disabilities and over the age of 65, an oppressed population, get access to proper health care and other quality of life services related to medical needs. Medicare has many parts; Part A is hospital insurance, Part B is Medical Insurance, Part C is known as an advantage plan, and Part D is prescription coverage. These parts all assist in the access to proper health care that elderly American’s need and can often not afford at this point of their lives. Redwing being a 47-year-old male has not been eligible for Medicare most of his life. With his recent terminal and debilitating diagnosis, he now qualifies for the assistance of Medicare Part A and Part B. Micro, Mezzo, and Macro The micro, mezzo, and macro levels of social work focus on patient interactions, health care organizations, and health care policies. On a micro level Medicare has an impact on Redwing’s health care decisions as it allows him to choose if he wishes to elect hospice care as well as which hospice provider, he would like to handle his care. Policy and procedure such as enrollment, billing protocols, and budgets are the mezzo level influences on Redwing’s situation. On the macro level societal norms, laws, and health care systems structure have an effect on the

Policy and Professional Analysis 5 way Medicare is and was accessed by Redwing (Medicare, n.d). Medicare and Medicare advantage plans strive to address disparities in access to healthcare as well as improve benefits and provide financial protections to vulnerable populations. Medicare has significant oversight by the federal government increasing the measurement of quality and diversity in goal setting (Better Medicare Alliance, 2019). Empathy, Reflection, and Interpersonal Skills Empathy plays a large role in the ability to relate to clients and encourage positive change through trust and respect. An empathetic approach to hospice patients allows them to feel valued, cared for, and respected in their final days. Redwing has expressed immense gratitude to staff regarding the way they have treated him, their response time when he is in need, and the respect they show him at their visits. Redwing has stated he has always felt below or smaller than people and staff when visiting the hospital. He said now that he has a roof over his head and people coming to help him in his own space. He is finally beginning to feel as an equal. Our staffs empathy and interpersonal skills have given Redwing a sense of dignity and allowed him to feel respected. Code of Ethics The NASW code of ethics is a guide for social workers to follow when providing services. This guide ensures the quality and ethicality of services provided. I utilized standard 1.07 Privacy and Confidentiality by providing a pseudo name for Redwing. Prior to obtaining any information from Redwing I obtained his consent to utilize his case for my case study this term. In addition to gaining his consent I explained and assured him that none of his identifying information would be provided to my university. I also utilized Standard 3.07 Administration.

Policy and Professional Analysis 6 This standard refers to the advocation and referral process for resources within and outside of our hospice agency (NASW, 2022). With Redwing, I advocated and referred for him to reach out for disability social security, Medicare coverage, and proper housing. He was referred to these services to get his basic needs met. The NASW code of ethics not only guides the way social workers practice with clients but also drives the way a social worker makes decisions and interacts with other professional staff. During this process I utilized the NASW to guide decisions and behaviors when working with Redwing. I utilized Standard 1.05 Cultural Competence, to maintain self-awareness and assure that I practice with humility and dedication to understanding and respecting the culture of others (NASW, 2022). I continue to apply the NASW code of ethics each day at my internship site, to ensure that I am providing ethical services and continue to my community with the clients’ best interests in mind. Conclusion The overall goal of this assignment was to evaluate social policy as well as be able to apply and examine the NASW code of ethics. I evaluated Systems Theory and applied it to Redwings case. Furthermore, I discussed how I applied Systems Theory and the NASW code of ethics in my meetings with Redwing. In addition, I have described the ways Micro, Mezzo, and Macro levels of social work apply to a social policy relevant to my practicum site. This assignment allowed me to see the way empathy and effective practices make a difference to the clients at my internship site and the ways social work truly makes a difference to those who have experience oppression and inability to meet their basic needs. References

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Policy and Professional Analysis 7 Germain, C. & Knight, C. (2020). The Life Model of Social Work Practice: Advances in Theory and Practice . New York Chichester, West Sussex: Columbia University Press. https://doi.org/10.7312/gitt18748 Martin, M. (2016). Introduction to human services, Third edition- Michelle Martin . Introduction to Human Services. https://kupdf.net/download/introduction-to-human-services-third- edition-michelle-martin_5b0380a6e2b6f57f5a35db72_pdf Bayer, R., & Callahan, D. (1985). Medicare reform: social and ethical perspectives. Journal of health politics, policy and law, 10(3), 533–547. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-10-3-533 Parts of Medicare. Medicare. (n.d.). https://www.medicare.gov/basics/get-started-with- medicare/medicare-basics/parts-of-medicare Addressing health disparities in Medicare. Better Medicare Alliance . (2019). https://bettermedicarealliance.org/wp- content/uploads/2020/03/BMA_AddressingHealthDisparities_FIN.pdf NASW Code of Ethics . National Association of Social Workers. (2022). https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics/Code-of-Ethics-English

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