WA unit 5

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1 Written Assignment Unit 5 *Anonymous Submission* University of the People SOC 1502-Introduction to Sociology Tony Reyna, M.A.

2 Introduction Three theories exist regarding global inequality or stratification: modernization, dependence, and globalization theory, according to Little (2016). According to modernization theory, a nation's growth should be concentrated on its industrial and technical sectors. Richer nations can become such because of their quick technological advancement, while poorer nations should emulate their successful models. According to dependency theory, core nations—higher-income countries— exploit and control peripheral nations—low- to middle-income countries—which depend on core nations for development. The main focus of globalization theory is international flows of capital investment and disinvestment in a more integrated global market rather than how globalization impacts the distribution of wealth and poverty in core and peripheral nations. Despite the fact that each theory attempted to explain the cause of global stratification, some critics pointed out the bias in these theories. The criticism of modernization theory stems from its ethnocentric and prejudiced reference to Western Europe. According to this theory, peripheral nations' lack of development in essential values and practices accounts for their poverty; nevertheless, as modernity forces these nations to advance, local customs and cultural equality are put in jeopardy (Little, 2016). Dependency theory is skewed as it fails to take into account nations that have transitioned from low- to middle-income status, which has some positive effects on how core nations assist peripheral nations. Since the focus of globalization theory is on the flow of international markets, it is impartial toward all countries.

3 Nonetheless, some dispute the ways in which the core nations—those that are already robust and growing—benefit from globalization (Matsuyama, 2007). The three theories of global inequality have certain points of similarity and variation. Their explanation of the difference between developed and underdeveloped nations is their primary commonality. Dependency theory and modernization theory are comparable in that they are both ethnocentric. Dependency, modernization, and globalization theories vary in that the former two are prejudiced toward a single country, while the latter is not. Dependency and modernization concentrate on the economic differences between core and periphery countries, whereas globalization concentrates on cross-border capital flows, according to Little (2016). Global inequality refers to the concentration of wealth in certain countries, which has a substantial impact on people's possibilities in weaker and poorer nations (Little, 2016). In my view, the dependency theory is the most helpful theory to explain global inequality. This is due to the dependence theory's prediction that a wealthier country will grow at the expense of a poorer one. For instance, if Britain or any other industrialized nation had not previously exploited the countries in Africa or Asia for their resources, they would not be as wealthy now. Conclusion Dependency, modernization, and globalization theory are all attempts to explain global inequality. The three theories have their critics, and some believe they are

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4 prejudiced. The dependence theory, in my opinion, is the best explanation for global inequality because any industrialized country exploited an impoverished country in the past. As a result, industrialized countries have significantly higher wealth and economic progress today because they produce indebted nations.

5 References Little, W. (2016). Introduction to Sociology -- 2nd Canadian Edition. BCcampus. Licensed under CC BY 4.0 https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology2ndedition/ Matsuyama, K. (2007). Beyond icebergs: Towards a theory of biased globalization. The Review of Economic Studies, 74(1), 237–253. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-937X.2007.00420.x

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