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Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender in California: Student’s Name: Institution’s Affiliation: Course Title: Date:

Introduction Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender in California Despite the enactment and implementation of the Consenting Adult Sex Act of 1970, the LGBT fraternity still faces challenges about their rights and sexual awareness up to to this date. Following the successful passing of the bill, Florida's state became the first state to legalize homosexuality. Consequently, the law allowed the LGBT community to publicly and freely interact with their partners despite being of the same gender. For some decades now, the LGBT people have made substantial legal and political gains in the united states, including the right to marry. Unfortunately, the law of the US has not enacted laws that prohibit discrimination centered on sexual differences. Unless the state protects the LGBT, they will always struggle to fit in society. Also known as the Consenting adult law, this bill was passed into law in California in 1975 by Governor Jerry Brown but was not effective until the start of January 1975 (Berube 2011). The consenting adult Sex Bill revoked the sodomy law in California since it only applied to criminal activities and rendered gay sex for the first time in history as legal. It has been 40 years yet the LGBT community in California and every other state continues to face struggles because of their sexual preference; also, Counter attacking the Legislature passing of the rule are the law makers, religious leaders and the general public. Thesis Statement Forty years down the line since the enactment of the Consenting Adult Sex act was passed, the LGBT community is still faced with challenges because of their sexual orientation. The successful passing of the Adult Consenting Act was a significant milestone to the LGBT

community; however, it was not well accepted by the rest of the people. Lawmakers and religious groups are the anti-LGBT, and they are trying hard to reverse the LGBT's only gains. Causes and Historical Events of the LGBT Social groups, organizing, and acceptance of people associated with the LGBT community were formed following many years of struggle with the state, churches, and health authorities. Where the law and the traditional beliefs rejected homosexuality and denial from established gender, strong disagreement warnings and refutable languages were always conveyed to people during public gatherings and medical cautions. These persecution alerts to the public instilled homophobia for centuries but also cautioned the general public and population about the existence of homosexually oriented individuals. When these people started sharing their differences, there was a constant fear of speaking out since they were at risk. According to historians, there is clear evidence that proves that homosexuality existed before, despite whether it was accepted or not. In documents, homosexuality existed in Israel since because it was prohibited in the Bible. Substantial prove suggests that there are people who were assigned genders that were not theirs during birth. According to the lyrics from Sappho in the 17 th century BCE, it raised awareness to youths of the opposite sex ranging from Albania to Afghanistan; "female husbands" of Kenya and other homosexual binaries all over the world became aware of their nature. The reality of these people born with homosexually oriented characters and desires gradually became popular in the west through traveler journals, churches, gatherings, and medical personnel reports. The wave of homosexual acceptance and awareness met with opposers from the European and Christian idealists. European powers enforced their laws against sodomy. The first case of homosexual act resulted in a death sentence in North America in the years 1556 Spanish killed a

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Frenchman in Florida. A war between nations and massive deaths of male soldiers rendered and united women to live together and consequently nurtured strong bonds between men. This is what caused the thriving of same-sex relationships males and females interacted freely. The relationship between females, in particular, escaped observation since there was no threat of pregnancy. The other cause that leads to the LGBT movement was the independence of females since they were oppressed economically in terms of jobs, education which they saw were designated for men only. Now that there was sexual satisfaction without commitments to men, they chose to shift to lesbianism, which changed a lot of women who were not transgender. Moreover, artistic roles in theatres which required men to play the roles of women also influenced the transgender advocacy. They made arts and accepting forum for LGBT individuals who were ready to build their life careers in theatres and illusion. Another cause that promoted the LGBT was the studies on sex that proved that bisexuality is innate, determined during growth in the womb. Consequently, a lot of people were curious to understand their nature in sex. The historical course of LGBT The first documentation of gay rights was written and documented by an immigrant from Germany in Chicago in 1924. During his service in the army during the world war, I Gerber was driven by a desire to form his organization by the Scientific- Humanitarian Committee. Before this, in the year 1920, saw California become notorious after several acts were passed by the state limiting sexual freedom of the people. 1940 marked the years for initial coordination by the LGBT individuals in the country. In the year 1947, in North America, the first published self- published journal on lesbianism was published by Lisa Ben in Los Angeles.

Consequently, a law was enacted in 1947 summoning all persons under the California law for the sexually related crime. In 1958, Karl Brown, a psychiatrist, proposed that California Legislature review all rules that criminalized homosexuality. In 1962 the LGBT established their fast business association called the tavern Guild. In the year 1965, Jose Sarria started the Imperial Court System, one of the most significant LGBT charity movements globally (Tadlock & Brick 2019). The same year, the first riots took place in US history took place. The night after, the riot saw the transgender community being accepted in public. After the enactment of the Adult Consenting Sex act, Sheila Kuehi became the first LGBT member in the California State Legislature. Consequences of the LGBT After the enactment of the law on the Consenting Adult Sex Act, those that were against the law inhibited victimization and discrimination of the homosexuals, including the gay, the lesbians, and the transgender. They were intimidated, harassed, and brutally violated because of their sexual differences (Herek G, et al., 1997). Another significant impact of LGBT is that transgender rights and equality have advanced with a remarkable rate. The transgender people seem to be enjoying their full acceptance and incorporations to society. After many years of fight and resistance, transgender people are reaping the fruits. The GLBT, which was the unifying factor to the gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender people were later identified in the political categories. In California, there are still no laws protect the gays from violation and discrimination but the gays had a plan of dumping Governor George Deukmejian. In March, the governor had received the bill which would have granted the gays in California equal jobs opportunities under the anticipated law. After 11 days on March 17 the governor turned down the bill. He said that there was strong evidence showing how the gays in California were highly

accepted and represented in the work force of California even without the need of any laws. This remark was not received well and John Wahl, a lawyer for Harvey’s milk reminded a GPA wire service reporter that conventional estimates that the lesbians and gay men make programs go help the poor and the benefits had not kept pace with the inflation rate. Consequently, this promoted the minority who were considered worthless back then during the fight for Liberation. The LGBT became an iconic figure that united these groups of people who now have a voice. Policy reforms and changes were done and are still in progress to see that this category of people fit in society just like other people. Victimization and discrimination of transgender people is now a thing of the past as they are now aware of who they are courtesy of the LGBT (Mallon 2013). An excellent example of the negative impact of the Consenting Adult Sex Act is that of the activist Harvey Bernard Milk. Harvey was an American activist and was the first publicly gay to be elected in California in the San Francisco Board of supervisors. In his Video that recorded saying how his life was in danger is a clear picture of what the gays and the transgender people were going through back then (Ghosh 2018). The video was his last words saying that he was a target for being a gay activist. He was a pro in the LGBT, and he advocated for the movement of the LGBT to grow and continue despite the evil and hate from their enemies. He fought a real fight for the gay fraternity and called the gays to come out and stand out for their rights and be proud of who they are (Randomness 2013). As he had predicted, Milk was assassinated in November 1978. He is an example of what people of his type go through, as also speculated in the book Hate victimization Among Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Adults.

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Conclusion In conclusion, in line with my research question, on how different people reacted to the Adult Consenting law. It is evident that despite success enactment of the act, a lot of people still suffered, especially the transgender, the gays, and the lesbians since they were not protected after the law was enacted, resulting in deaths which in this case is that of Milk. Considering the last words of Harvey milk, my thesis rhymes with the conclusion on how the LGBT group was struggling within those days. I decided to choose this research question to historically dig information on the history of Liberation on transgender, gay, lesbian, and bisexual persons to instill knowledge on my target audience. In my view, history is an essential tool in terms of perspective and convictions. It is a necessary tool because it is based on ton facts and evidence. The hint for the next research related to this topic for any researcher is on what other laws have been implemented and modified on the Consenting Adult Act up to the 21 st century. References Mallon, G. P. (2013). Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) families and parenting. Encyclopedia of Social Work . https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.158 Bérubé, A. (2011). Intellectual desire. My Desire for History , 161-181.

Randomness. (2013). The last Words of Harvey milk [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com The Last words of Harvey milk Tadlock, B. L., & Glick, C. (2019). North American and Australian LGBT movement and interest groups. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics . Ghosh, C. (2018). De-moralizing gay rights. De-Moralizing Gay Rights , 1- 9. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78840-1_1 Herek, G. M., Gillis, J. R., Cogan, J. C., & Glunt, E. K. (1997). Hate Crime Victimization Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 12(2), 195–215. doi: 10.1177/088626097012002003

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