Shaw and Mckay′s Theory of Delinquency

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1 SHAW AND MCKAY′S THEORY OF DELINQUENCY Name of student Institutional affiliation Course Instructor Date

2 Discussion of Shaw and McKay's Theory of Delinquency According to Shaw and McKay, who tried Sutherland's theory of systematic criminal conduct, delinquency is not a personal defect but a typical reaction of ordinary people to abnormal circumstances. This means that some people will have full liberty to definite their characters and needs, which frequently results in delinquent conduct if a society is not self- policing and is only incorrectly governed by external organizations (Kubrin & Mioduszewski, 2019). They took into account the Concentric Region Theory. They created a study to show that delinquency had spread throughout urban regions, and those additional wealthy and significant clusters had relocated to escape the current communal disarray. The examination of delinquency and crime has been significantly influenced by its concepts, hypotheses, and research methodologies. Shaw and McKay showed that joint disorder was widespread in cities since these were the only sites where newly arrived disadvantaged people could find affordable housing. There was a lot of population change and a mix of people from various cultural origins in these places. Key details regarding the public associates of corruption and delinquency were discovered by Shaw and McKay's investigations linking delinquency rates to these architectural traits: The levels of young failure shadowed a methodical spatial outline, with the utmost charges in inner- city regions and lessening rates with distance from the city center (Piscitelli, 2019). Several social issue indexes also exhibited a similar spatial pattern. Although the population makeup of the inhabitants in city parts has transformed significantly over the years, the spatial design of delinquency charges has shown remarkable long-term constancy. Inside city zones, the procedure of becoming delinquent happened over a network of relational associations concerning family, cliques, and the locality.

3 Burgess′ Concentric Zone Theory Theory of Concentric Zones A city will take the shape of five concentric urban zones, according to William Burgess' theory of urban land-use patterns: the central corporate region, the district in changeover, the region of working people houses, the zone with better dwellings, and the travelers' zone. Ernest Burgess proposed the concentric zone model to describe where various social groupings are grouped inside a metropolitan area (Kubrin & Branic, 2018). The Burgess model is one of the most well-known and extensively researched urban planning models. Social groups are formed depending on the homes' socioeconomic situation and proximity to the city or central region. The Burgess model considers the relationship between proximity to the city center and economic level. A better socioeconomic status is considered, as is a greater distance from the city center. Numerous modern urban geographers have contested the model. First, the model does not accurately represent cities outside of the United States, especially those built in various historical settings (Kubrin & Branic, 2018). Cities are no longer divided into distinct "zones," even in the United States, due to developments in information technology, transportation, and the global economy. Compare and contrast Merton′s Strain Theory with Sutherland′s Theory of Differential Association. The strain hypothesis is a sociological theory in criminology. Merton discussed deviance and claimed that society has a tough time achieving its aims. These objectives were categorized as elements of the American dream, which includes riches, freedom, sovereignty, and success (Kolthoff, 2020). Everyone aspires to accomplish these goals, but many people cannot do so due

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4 to hardships or other personal concerns. For instance, if someone wanted to be a professor of criminology but was unable to do so due to the need that they educate for at least ten years and have several degrees. The functionalist view that the structure of society determines human behavior was the foundation for the strain theory's development. On the other hand, the concept of a differential association was put forth by Edwin Sutherland. He believed that as no one is born a criminal, one must learn to commit a crime with others. For instance, if someone commits murder and another person interacts with them and sees why they would carry it out, that person will need to be organized for this particular crime because murder may be a messy endeavor (Worthen, 2021). This answers why freed inmates have high offending rates and demonstrate how corruption thrives in particular social groupings and localities. Through learned behavior, convicts may learn about other specific offenses. As a result, learning is taking place here. This theory examines white-collar crime and how it might affect the lower socioeconomic class. According to the differential association, criminal tactics, defenses for breaking the law, and sentiments that support breaking the law are all natural parts of the education process (Kolthoff, 2020). Sutherland believes that criminal behavior is learned behavior that develops when a person is exposed to a setting where it can be absorbed. He thought about how criminal learning behavior could cause it to become a person's default behavior.

5 References Kolthoff, E. (2020). Criminological responses to corruption. In Handbook on crime, ethics and integrity in public administration (pp. 434-448). Edward Elgar Publishing. Kubrin, C. E., & Branic, N. (2018). Chicago School. The Routledge Companion to Criminological Theory and Concepts (pp. 96-99). Routledge. Kubrin, C. E., & Mioduszewski, M. D. (2019). Social disorganization theory: Past, present, and future. In Handbook on crime and deviance (pp. 197-211). Springer, Cham. Piscitelli, A. (2019). Spatial Regression of Juvenile Delinquency: Revisiting Shaw and McKay. International Journal of Criminal Justice Sciences, 14(2), 132-147. Worthen, M. G. (2021). Theories of crime and deviance. In Sexual Deviance and Society (pp. 35- 69). Routledge.

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