HIST 36 MId-Term Exam

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Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology *

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Sociology

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Nov 24, 2024

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What is ‘patriarchy’? How is it different from matriarchy? Use two examples from lecture to discuss a moment in American history whey patriarchy limited the rights or opportunities of American Women. The concept of patriarchy describes a social system where men predominantly wield power, dominating in political leadership, moral authority, social privilege, and property control. This hierarchical setup reinforces traditional gender norms, suggesting innate superiority of men over women. This system has deeply rooted itself in various societies over time, shaping cultural expectations. Conversely, matriarchy represents a social system where women hold primary power, actively participating in social, political, and economic structures. Although patriarchy has historically been the dominant societal framework, matriarchy presents an opposite scenario where women hold authoritative positions. In the context of American history, patriarchy significantly influenced the restriction of women's rights and opportunities, perpetuating gender inequalities. An illustration of this is evident in the suffrage movement of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Women advocating for their right to vote faced substantial resistance due to entrenched patriarchal norms. Men in political power were hesitant to relinquish their dominance and extend voting rights to women, reflecting not only legal barriers but also deep-seated patriarchal beliefs questioning women's competence in political decision-making. The suffrage movement thus became a dual struggle, challenging both legal constraints and prevailing patriarchal ideologies ingrained in American society. Another instance is the gender discrimination prevalent in the mid-20th century workplace. After World War II, societal pressures urged women to return to traditional roles as homemakers and caregivers. This expectation, fueled by patriarchal norms, dictated that a woman's primary role was within the domestic sphere. Women seeking careers outside the home encountered barriers such as limited job opportunities, lower wages, and societal disapproval. The prevailing patriarchal ideology reinforced the notion that women's main purpose was to support their families, constraining their ability to pursue professional aspirations. In both historical moments, patriarchy functioned as a restrictive force, hindering the progress and rights of American women. The struggles for women's suffrage and workplace equality underscore the deeply ingrained nature of patriarchal norms in shaping societal structures and attitudes. These examples emphasize the pervasive influence of patriarchy in limiting women's rights and opportunities, highlighting the ongoing necessity for societal shifts toward gender equality. Reflecting on these historical instances reveals that dismantling patriarchal structures requires not only legal changes but also a transformation of societal attitudes and beliefs regarding gender roles and capabilities. Discuss how Indigenous American women experienced life differently from Euro-American women, particularly before indigenous cultures had significant contact with Euro- American cultures. Indigenous American women led lives that were notably distinct from those of their Euro- American counterparts, especially prior to substantial contact between the two cultures. These

differences were deeply rooted in the unique social, cultural, and economic structures of Indigenous societies. Unlike the Euro-American emphasis on patriarchal norms, many Indigenous cultures showcased more egalitarian social setups, where women played pivotal roles within the community. In Indigenous societies, women frequently held influential and authoritative positions that went beyond traditional domestic roles, encompassing tribal governance, spiritual leadership, and resource management. The matrilineal construction of numerous Native societies implied that genealogy and inheritance were followed through the maternal line, giving women focal roles in family and societal structures. This distinctly diverged from the Euro-American model, where women were frequently restricted to domestic obligations and had restricted impact in more extensive cultural and political circles. The economic commitments of Native American women likewise contrasted fundamentally. They effectively partook in hunting, fishing, agriculture, and craft production and creation, effectively adding to the food and financial prosperity of their communities. Their lives were profoundly associated with the normal world, cultivating a significant comprehension of ecological frameworks and stressing sustainability and congruity with the environment. Interestingly, Euro-American women were frequently confined to domestic undertakings, and cultural and societal assumptions restricted their economic agency. Spirituality and the hallowed assumed essential parts in the existences of Native American women, who stood firm on footings as healers, shamans, and attendants of conventional information. They had a significant spiritual association with the land, and their faith in the interconnectedness of all living creatures molded this perspective. This pointedly diverged from Euro-American religious convictions, which frequently positioned women in subordinate roles inside laid out religious settings. Before significant contact with Euro-American societies, Native American women appreciated autonomy. The idea of private property was new, and communities shared their resources and assets. This shared methodology stretched out to growing kids, with various ages and more distant families taking part in bringing up kids. On the other hand, Euro-American women were frequently restricted to family unit designs and private property possession, mirroring a more individualistic societal ethos. As Euro-American colonization grew, Native American women confronted phenomenal challenges. The inconvenience of Euro-American orientation standards and the interruption of customary ways of life prompted the disintegration of their status and jobs inside their communities. The overwhelming effect of infections, constrained movements, and social osmosis further underestimated Native women. All in all, the existences of Native American women were altogether not the same as their Euro- American partners before significant contact between the two societies. The social, economic, and spiritual lavishness of Native social orders encouraged a more populist and interconnected presence for women. Perceiving these qualifications is vital for a complete comprehension of the

different manners by which women's encounters have been molded by their separate cultural settings for as long as we've known. How were the lives of American Colonial and Revolutionary War Era women considerably different from the lives of 21 st century Americans? During the American Colonial and Revolutionary war, women experienced ways of life very different and unmistakable from those of 21st-century Americans, molded by the predominant social, economic, and cultural standards of their epochs and ages. A key disparity lies in the limited scope of opportunities accessible to women in the colonial period. Women during the eighteenth century were to a great extent bound to domestic obligations, zeroing in on keeping up with families, bringing up kids, and supporting spouses in agricultural or craft pursuits. Educational access for women was restricted, and formal learning establishments were in many cases untouchable. Moreover, inflexible gender roles directed by cultural assumptions stressed that a woman's domain was the private sphere. This conviction impacted different parts of life, from the denial of basic human rights for married women to the disavowal of voting rights. Rather than the 21st century, where gender roles have gone through huge change, colonial women confronted cultural limitations that abridged their association in public life and decision-making. Financial and economic autonomy was another basic component separating colonial women from their modern partners. In the eighteenth century, women's economic opportunities were generally restricted to domestic activities, like textile making, locally established business, or helping on family farms. Chasing after vocations outside the house was to a great extent inconceivable, and economic independence remained a far off prospect. The Revolutionary War Era acquired impermanent shifts in women's roles as they took on obligations customarily held for men while their spouses were at war. Notwithstanding their fundamental contributions to the war exertion, these progressions were fleeting, and cultural expectations returned to more traditional and conventional standards after the conflict. However, 21st-century American women partake in an essentially more extensive range of opportunities. Progressions in education have conceded women equivalent access to educational foundations, permitting them to seek after careers across different fields. Lawful changes have presented more prominent rights and protections, testing historical inequalities that characterized colonial women lives. The twentieth century women's activist movement assumed a vital part in reshaping cultural impression of gender roles, cultivating a more comprehensive and libertarian culture. Moreover, technological headways have reshaped work and home elements, managing the cost of women more noteworthy adaptability in adjusting vocation and family obligations. Admittance to contraception and conceptive privileges has engaged women to go with decisions about their bodies and family planning, a departure from the restricted regenerative independence of colonial women.

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In conclusion, the lives of American Colonial and Revolutionary War Era women differed markedly from those of 21st-century Americans. Societal norms, limited educational opportunities, and constrained economic roles characterized the experiences of colonial women, while the 21st century has witnessed a remarkable evolution in gender roles, granting women increased freedom, opportunities, and autonomy across various aspects of life. This transformation underscores the dynamic nature of societal progress over the centuries. How were the standards of 19 th womanhood used to justify the enslavement of women of African descent? Be clear about the two stereotypes, their names and characteristics. During the American Colonial and Revolutionary War Era, the way women lived was pretty distinct from what we see in the 21st century. Their lives were shaped by the social, economic, and cultural norms of their time, creating a noticeable contrast with the experiences of modern- day Americans. One major difference was the limited opportunities available to women back in the colonial days. Most women in the 18th century were mainly tied to domestic roles. Their main gigs revolved around managing the household, bringing up kids, and supporting their husbands in farming or craft-based work. Education for them was often a no-go, with limited chances to go to formal schools. On top of that, strict gender roles were the name of the game. The prevailing idea was that women belonged in the private sphere, and this influenced everything, from the lack of legal rights for married women to not having the right to vote. Fast forward to the 21st century, where gender roles have seen a significant shake-up, and you'll notice that colonial women were dealing with some societal constraints that kept them out of the public scene and decision- making processes. Economic independence was another ball game altogether. In the 18th century, women's economic opportunities were mostly confined to home-based activities like making textiles, running home businesses, or helping out on the family farm. The idea of women having careers outside the home was almost unheard of, and financial independence was a far-off dream. Now, the Revolutionary War Era did shake things up a bit. Women took on roles traditionally reserved for men while their husbands were off at war. But, as you might guess, these changes were temporary. After the war, societal expectations went back to the usual norms. Compare that to 21st-century American women, and you'll see a world of difference. Thanks to strides in education, women today have equal access to schools and can pursue careers in pretty much any field. Legal reforms have given women more rights and protections, challenging the historical inequalities faced by colonial women. The feminist movement in the 20th century played a huge part in reshaping how society views gender roles, pushing for a more inclusive and equal setup. And let's not forget about technology. It's totally transformed how work and home life function, giving women more flexibility in juggling their careers and family duties. Plus, having access to birth control and reproductive rights has given women a lot more say in decisions about their bodies and family planning—a big change from the limited reproductive freedom colonial women had.

In a nutshell, the lives of American Colonial and Revolutionary War Era women were worlds apart from those of 21st-century Americans. Back then, societal norms, limited education, and narrow economic roles were the norm for women. Fast forward to today, and you see a massive shift, with women enjoying more freedom, opportunities, and autonomy. It's a clear sign of how society has progressed over the centuries. Pick one song/piece of music (any genre, pop, hip hop, rock, soul, blues, etc.) that is specifically Pro-Woman AND engages Social Justice Issues. One song that resists patriarchy, oppressive gender norms, inequality, unfairness, WHAT EVER! WHAT DO YOU LIKE ABOUT THE SONG? HOW DOES IT CONECT to THE HISTORY YOU’RE LEARNING IN THIS CLASS. So don't just write about a song you like, connect it to this class. In the world of music that champions both the cause of women and addresses pressing social justice issues, Nina Simone's timeless anthem "Four Women" stands out as a poignant and powerful masterpiece. This soulful jazz composition, released in 1966 during the height of the civil rights movement, intricately weaves together a narrative resisting patriarchal norms, confronting racial inequality, and encapsulating the struggles faced by Black women in America. Simone, a remarkable artist and civil rights activist herself, uses her musical prowess to illuminate the intersecting dimensions of gender and race, making "Four Women" a resonant piece that aligns seamlessly with the historical context studied in this class. What intrigues me generally around "Four Women" is its ability to outperform simple diversion and change into an instrument for social investigate and strengthening. The verses acquaint us with four prototype women of color, each addressing an unmistakable feature of the African American experience. From Auntie Sarah, representing persevering through strength notwithstanding subjection, to Safronia, wrestling with the intricacies of racial personality, Simone strikingly depicts the complex difficulties defied by Individuals of color over the entire course of time. The melody capabilities as a melodious embroidery, winding around private stories with more extensive cultural issues, really testing severe orientation standards and racial imbalances. In the domain of the scholarly community, "Four Women" fills in as a melodic time machine, whisking us away to the turbulent 1960s. It was a period of intense fights for social equality and orientation fairness, reverberating through each edge of American culture. Simone's striking and resonating voice turns into a sort of verifiable artifact, catching the pith of the obstruction that characterized that groundbreaking period. The tune behaves like a mirror, mirroring the battles and wins of the ones who assumed vital parts in propelling civil rights. Past the verses, the game plan and melodic components of "Four Women" assume a critical part in bringing out feelings. The mix of profound jazz and blues, combined with Simone's energetic conveyance, makes a climate accused of desperation and force. The music changes into an unmistakable encounter, welcoming audience members not exclusively to tune in however to really feel the heaviness of the issues tended to. This tangible submersion encourages a significant association with the verifiable stories examined in class, spanning the fleeting hole among then, at that point, and presently.

Simone's "Four Women" remains as a demonstration of the getting through force of music as a vehicle for social editorial. Its effect goes past simple musicality; it can incite thought, challenge standards, and light a feeling of activism. Inside the homeroom setting, the tune turns into a residing record, a social relic epitomizing the difficulties and wins of a period set apart by significant social changes. As we explore the complexities of history, "Four Women" turns into a sonic buddy, helping us that the pursuit to remember equity is a continuous excursion, and music has the extraordinary ability to both reflect and shape the course of that excursion.

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HIST 36 MId-Term Exam

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