qualitative research

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Mount Kenya University *

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MISC

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Sociology

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Nov 24, 2024

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1. Suggest any four scenarios where quantitative research may be best situated as compared to qualitative research. Justify your answer.  Clinical Trials: Quantitative research plays a vital role in evaluating the effectiveness of a new drug, making it indispensable. In such situations, information is gathered from participants and subjected to statistical analysis in order to ascertain the efficacy and adverse effects of the medication.  industry surveys are utilized by businesses to gain insights into industry trends and client preferences through the use of quantitative research. For example, a corporation seeking to determine the proportion of individuals favoring one product over another would employ structured surveys using closed-ended questions to get quantitative data.  Educational Assessments: Within the field of education, standardized testing offers objective measurements that can be utilized to evaluate students' aptitude or proficiency in a certain academic domain.  Environmental Studies: Quantitative research enables the quantification of pollution levels in various regions, the comparison of species populations, and the assessment of the impact of climate change in relation to the increase in sea levels.  Rationale: Quantitative research is distinguished by its systematic methodology and capacity to provide findings that may be extrapolated to broader populations. It is most suitable for situations that necessitate objective measurements and statistical analyses.

2. Validity and reliability reflect the quality of the research design and its administration. Discuss  Validity pertains to the precision of an instrument in assessing the intended attribute. In order for a research tool to be considered valid, it must generate outcomes that align with theoretical notions, constructs, or factual knowledge. Various forms of validity exist, such as content validity, criterion validity, and construct validity.  Reliability refers to the degree of consistency. A trustworthy instrument should consistently yield consistent data when subjected to same conditions over a period of time. There are two primary forms of dependability: test-retest reliability, which refers to the consistency of results over time, and inter-rater reliability, which pertains to the consistency between different researchers.  Discussion: The trustworthiness of a study's conclusions is contingent upon the validity and reliability of its techniques and instruments. In the absence of validity, the outcomes may not accurately depict the phenomenon under investigation. In the absence of reliability, the outcomes could be subject to inconsistent application or interpretation. Therefore, it is crucial to guarantee both the accuracy and consistency in order to uphold the integrity and trustworthiness of study. 3. Discuss using practical examples, the process of research.  The research process often encompasses multiple stages:  Identifying a Research Problem: For instance, a health researcher aims to comprehend the underlying reasons for the higher incidence of specific diseases in a specific geographical area.

 Literature Review: The researcher examines previously conducted studies regarding the occurrence of diseases and the potential factors that may impact it.  The researcher posits that the elevated occurrence could be attributed to inadequate sanitation in the area, drawing from the existing literature.  The study design involves the researcher choose to carry out field surveys and gather water samples.  Data Collection: Surveys are conducted to gather information, and water samples are analyzed to detect the presence of pollutants.  Statistical analysis is conducted on the data to identify any links between the prevalence of diseases and the quality of water.  Conclusion: The researcher determines that there is a significant association between substandard water quality and the incidence of diseases in the region.  Reported: The findings have been published in a scientific journal.  Discussion: The research process is methodical and follows a specific order, beginning with identifying the problem and ending with reporting the findings. It guarantees that the study is comprehensive, reliable, and adds to the current corpus of knowledge.

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References: Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Neuman, W. L., & Robson, K. (2014). Basics of social research. Pearson Canada. Trochim, W. M., & Donnelly, J. P. (2015). The research methods knowledge base. Atomic Dog Publishing.

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