Journal 7,8,9 Entry.edited (1)

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1 Journal Entry Modules 7,8,9 Student’s Name Department, Institution Unit Title Instructor’s Name Assignment Due Date

2 Journal Entry Modules 7,8,9 Module seven explores inequality and its impact on food security. It looks at the reason for the occurrence of inequality with regard to who can achieve food security, the intersectionality of gender with ethnicity and race, and the impact of this on vulnerability to food insecurity and hunger, as well as the structural changes that are required in societies for the issues of inequality to be addressed. Module eight looks at food systems and how these can be transformed into ones that provide healthy food without compromising natural resources. This module looks at the part people play in collectively or individually contributing to changes in the food system. Module nine, on the other hand, looks at the utilization of food by people to create different cuisines that define societies and result in the many food cultures worldwide. While seemingly different aspects of food security are covered in the three modules, such as food culture, sustainable food systems, and inequality and its effect on food security, there are common threads that link these. The first thread that has been running through the course is the accessibility of food to different people. The accessibility to food at all times and by all people has been looked at throughout the course. In module seven, societal inequalities inhibit marginalized people from accessing food. Racial and gender inequalities have been pointed out as major aggregators of food insecurity across the globe. Prejudice and bias have been major setbacks to women's empowerment to help in food sustainability. There are deep-seated gender biases that have been imposed on women and girls by the patriarchal structures in society. The LGBIQ2S+ are also a marginalized group identified in module seven, but there is little research on them. Different people have created organizations to deal with these social inequalities, such as Danielle Nierenberg, the president of Food Tank: The think tank for food. The second thread running through the course is the approach people take to obtain food. In module eight, food

3 systems and their sustainability are looked at. The current global food systems were identified in the previous modules as unsustainable ones. For instance, GMO production is one method described in the previous modules as unsustainable. Companies that developed GMOs did so not to tackle food insecurity but to be able to control the food system. The biodiversity in food production systems, organic food production, and agroecology are looked at in this module, as well as the typology of various sustainable farming systems such as permacultural, regenerative, and biodynamic. The final thread concerns analysis and looks at the relationship between people, the environment, and the food provided. This has been explored in modules four, five, and six, such as how humans have become disconnected from food and natural systems over time. The two frameworks of food security provided in module two are FAO's four pillars: stability, utilization, access, and availability (FAO, 1997), and the Five A's from TMU: agency, availability, accessibility, acceptability, and adequacy. Looking at these aspects of the frameworks, each module deals with some of them differently. Accessibility is covered in module seven, where inequality in society is hindering women and LGBTQ2S+ people from getting food. Acceptability is covered in module nine, whereby different cultures have what they consider good food. In the five A's, accessibility was defined as the access to food that is culturally acceptable, food obtained and produced in ways that do not compromise human rights, self-respect, or dignity of a people (TMU, n.d.). The agency is explored in module eight. It was defined as people's opportunity to engage with the food system actively. Accordingly, modules seven, eight, and nine seemingly differ in the aspects of food security they explore, yet they are linked through various threads. These modules also look at different aspects of the two frameworks that define food security, which were looked at in

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4 module two. Through these modules, we can build on the constant themes in food security that we have explored throughout the course. Also, we have built a platform for the next modules. References Centre for Studies in Food Security - Toronto Metropolitan University. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.torontomu.ca/foodsecurity/

5 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (1997). Agriculture food and nutrition for Africa - A resource book for teachers of agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/W0078E/W0078E00.htm

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