Depression and Religion Struggles

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1 Depression and Religion Struggles Depression and Religion Struggles Literature Review Amanda Fellure Liberty University EDUC 745

2 Depression and Religion Struggles ABSTRACT The object of this literature review is to examine the relationship between the Depression and the religious struggles of the population. Religion is associated with discovering the understanding of life and describes the connection between human beings and religion. Religion performs numerous functions in society; it gives one meaning and purpose to life. Abstract representations of religion and mental health are demonstrated in this literature review. Faith helps promote physical and psychological well-being; it assists mental health patients in coping. Keywords: Depression, religion, mental health, research

3 Depression and Religion Struggles Introduction Religion and spirituality are associated because they search for the understanding of life and identify the connection between humans and God. Faith contributes to hope, and spirituality assists them in comprehending that there is a higher power that can help solve problems. For numerous durations, religion has explained mental health issues, such as Depression, stress, and anxiety. E pidemiological observations show that members of some religious groups appear to be at elevated risk for certain mental disorders (McCullough & Larson, 1999). Devotion helps contest the abuse of drugs and substances that may be associated with mental health. The weight of evidence, on average and across studies, suggests that religion, however assessed, is a generally protective factor for mental illness. These patients may have religious problems and may be unable to achieve 'mental health' until they feel that they have somehow atoned for their acts (Andreasen, 1972). Numerous individuals suffer from mental health issues affected by the absence of self-understanding and the efforts of struggling in their lives. Religion and spirituality assist in the solution of tough choices about human reality and provide hope to individuals, helping others cope with circumstances. Religion and Depression Research conducted has shown a dependable relationship between Depression and religion. These studies have been remarkably diverse in scope, quality, and objectives, reflecting that scholars have presumed that religious factors are potentially influential in mental health (Dein, 2016). The quantitative research included had shown low rates of Depression in religious individuals. Studies were identified that quantitatively measured religious involvement or spirituality; not included here are reflections of religious affiliation, which are reported separately (Bonelli et al., 2012). Research conducted in the late 90s had included that religion

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4 Depression and Religion Struggles was shown to be accountable for mental well-being in society; a current new study has confirmed otherwise. By providing hope, faith can protect individuals from hard times by giving them understanding and reason for life. Many investigations had focused on Christianity and no other religious organizations. Christian self-help literature has described Depression as a product of demonic influence, with other studies showing that over a third of Christians would prefer spiritual treatments for mental ill-health, including Depression (Lloyd et al., 2022). The religion proposes a reduction of clients identified with mental health conditions and those who form Depression. It is necessary to treat Depression. All those who care for people with chronic medical illness should consider the identification and treatment of Depression a clinical priority (Simon, 2001). Not treating Depression puts the client's life at risk with significant health issues, including death. Religious affiliation does not necessarily protect against suicidal ideation but does protect against suicide attempts (Lawrence et al., 2016). A belief established within a society allows others to share their problems and interact. The extent of the church organization can help identify and help others experiencing mental health issues, including Depression. Church leaders can confront the problem of Depression by providing parishioners with information in three related areas: symptoms of and reasons for Depression; distorted understandings and uses of biblical ideas about perfection, self-denial, surrender, and expression of anger and grief; and principles of parenting that encourage children's self-esteem, problem- solving abilities, and faith development—strong deterrents to Depression (McCandless, 1991). Decreasing Depression can help reduce suicidal thoughts from the teachings of the Bible. The Bible teaches us to help care for others and work together to find a solution. Biblical 'self- talks' are extremely important in overcoming Depression (Colbert, 1999). Religion presents comfort and stability, which can encourage others not to give up and help others to seek help

5 Depression and Religion Struggles with their Depression. Statistical analyses examined factors related to the presence or absence of Depression in the total sample of depressed and nondepressed participants and the severity of Depression for those in the depressed group (Hayward et al., 2012). The social-economic of a society is established as the feature of mental health. People from a regretful background tend to suffer more from mental health issues than people with a more grateful experience. Church and Mental Health In the preceding investigation, individuals who join or attend worship more frequently are less depressed than others. There is an argument on what exactly religion assists in showing a reserve side effect on Depression because there is no clear example of what causes Depression. S tudies have examined religion as a coping mechanism for physical and mental illnesses, but few studies have investigated the relationship between the patient's religiosity and depressive psychopathology (Gupta et al., 2011). The social-economic category of a society regulates the characteristic of their mental health. There is a large body of evidence demonstrating that active participation in religion is associated with improved mental health, especially in terms of Depression, suicide, and substance use, with some evidence of its protection from dementia and stress-related disorders but no evidence of protection from schizophrenia and bipolar disorders (Lehman et al., 2022). The community of African Americans has the lowest record of people seeking mental health help. Only half of the U.S. seeks help for their mental health. An investigation presented that African American community individuals are 20% more likely to form mental health problems than other societies. Young age and fair to poor physical health appear to be more powerful risk factors for major Depression among African Americans than other demographic, sociocultural, and family background variables (Brown et al., 1999). Another investigation demonstrated that most African Americans seek religion for their Depression at

6 Depression and Religion Struggles local churches in their society. African Americans have the highest rates of church attendance among all racial/ethnic groups in the U.S., which makes churches viable catchment settings for depression screening (Hankerson et al., 2015). This investigation demonstrated that most African American communities seek church when mental health stability is distressing. Church has performed a significant role in helping different societies and cultures in the U.S. to cope with mental health. Church generates a bond connecting faith and mental well-being for communities. Church leaders and pastors are involved as a link to help others by creating a link to God. Although research has found church participation and spiritual practices helpful in ameliorating many health and mental health concerns, research has yet to investigate the effect of church participation and spiritual practices (Keefe et al., 2016). Biblical encourages hope and promise for someone's future. Individuals who attend church are filled with optimistic energy when they are filled with hard times. There has been demonstrated many individuals will disagree and agree that mental health is encouragingly influenced by having faith. Many investigations have shown a positive reenactment between. Among the 43 publications that met these criteria, thirty-one (72.1 %) found a relationship between the level of religious/spiritual involvement and less mental disorder (positive), eight (18.6 %) found mixed results (positive and negative), and two (4.7 %) reported more mental illness (damaging) (Bonelli & Koeing, 2013). It has been shown that many women suffer from Depression. Some women cannot cope; it has been demonstrated that women involved in religion or attending church daily can benefit encouragingly. A spiritual connection can help others cope with many issues today. Higher levels of social support and social integration have been associated with religious attendance and lower levels of loneliness (National Academies of Sciences, 2020). It has been investigated that religion may influence the

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7 Depression and Religion Struggles association between Depression religiosity and personal comfort. Religious coping can include both positive and negative ways of dealing with psychological stress: positive religious coping may fit benevolent religious re-appraisals, such as belief in a supportive God (Medlock et al., 2017). The connection between mental health and religion has increased a mass of research and data. The number of studies assessing spirituality/religiousness (S/R) and mental health has been growing over the past several decades, resulting in a large body of evidence suggesting an impact of S/R ( Lucchett et al., 2021). Mental health, including Depression, has become an essential subject for discussion in society, and religion is often used as a source of comfort for these individuals, as demonstrated in different research worldwide. It is essential to understand how Depression and religion can be linked together in various races and societies spread worldwide. Religion has the potential to help the well-being of individuals. There have been proven facts demonstrated through statistical information . Religion has helped believers manage Depression, with women experiencing more side effects than men. The average inverse correlation between religious involvement and Depression was 20.1, which increased to 0.15 in stressed populations (Dein, 2010). Depression is essential to diagnose and treat due to the chance of suicide. Religion lessons may prevent self-harm, but family support or religious family is critical. It has been proven by different studies how religion can help Depression, but it is also documented how belief can increase Depression. Religious backgrounds are significant to the patients when assessing treatment; clinicians need to express and be open about the effect of religion on a patient. Clinicians must know how their religious beliefs affect the therapy process (Fallot, 2007).

8 Depression and Religion Struggles Conclusion Recent studies demonstrated in this review that religion improves the well-being of others. Religion educates others about life and God, which can help others. The Bible teaches learners to pray to God to find peace. Elijah in the Bible is demonstrated as one who suffered from low self-esteem, and he wanted to die; he is considered one of the Biblical Heroes. Religion and Depression can be a learning experience for some by demonstrating the Prophet, who struggled with diverse backgrounds. Mental health is a natural experience and disorder that can affect anyone. Elijah felt useless and alone, like many others suffering from Depression, but God was there to help. When others face problems, they pray to God or read Biblical stories, including Elijah. Religion can improve the function of everyday life by showing how God cares for his people and helps them overcome so many obstacles that they may cross. Without God and my impressive church, I would not be here. So, I believe religion and Depression can increase life's function, as demonstrated in the review.

9 Depression and Religion Struggles Reference Andreasen, N. J. C. (1972). The Role of Religion in Depression. Journal of Religion and Health , 11 (2), 153–166. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27505117 Bonelli, R., Dew, R. E., Koenig, H. G., Rosmarin, D. H., & Vasegh, S. (2012). Religious and spiritual factors in depression: review and integration of the research. Depression research and treatment , 2012 . Brown DR, Ahmed F, Gary LE, Milburn NG. Major depression in a community sample of African Americans. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1995 Mar;152(3):373-378. DOI: 10.1176/ajp.152.3.373. PMID: 7864262. Colbert, D. (1999). The Bible cure for depression and anxiety . Charisma Media. Dein, S. (2006). Religion, spirituality, and depression: Implications for research and treatment. Primary Care and Community Psychiatry , 11 (2), 67. Fallot, R. (2007). Spirituality and religion in recovery: Some current issues. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 30, 261–270. Gupta, S., Avasthi, A., & Kumar, S. Relationship between religiosity and psychopathology in patients with depression. Indian Journal of Psychiatry , 53 (4), 330-335. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.91907

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10 Depression and Religion Struggles Hankerson, S. H., Lee, Y. A., Brawley, D. K., Braswell, K., Wickramaratne, P. J., & Weissman, M. M. (2015). Screening for Depression in African-American Churches. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(4), 526-533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.03.039 Hayward, R. D., Owen, A. D., Koenig, H. G., Steffens, D. C., & Payne, M. E. (2012). Religion and the Presence and Severity of Depression in Older Adults. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry , 20 (2), 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e31822ccd51 Lehmann, C. S., Whitney, W. B., Un, J., Payne, J. S., Simanjuntak, M., Hamilton, S., Worku, T., & Fernandez, N. A. (2022). Hospitality Towards People with Mental Illness in the Church: A Cross-cultural Qualitative Study. Pastoral Psychology , 71 (1), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11089-021-00982-1 Lawrence, R. E., Oquendo, M. A., & Stanley, B. (2016). Religion and Suicide Risk: A systematic review. Archives of Suicide Research : Official Journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research , 20 (1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2015.1004494 Levin, Jeff. "Religion and mental health: Theory and research." International Journal of Applied Psychoanalytic Studies 7.2 (2010): 102-115.

11 Depression and Religion Struggles Lloyd, C. E., Mengistu, B. S., & Reid, G. (2022). “His Main Problem Was Not Being in a Relationship With God”: Perceptions of Depression, Help-Seeking, and Treatment in Evangelical Christianity. Frontiers in Psychology , 13 , 831534. Lucchett, Medlock, M. M., Rosmarin, D. H., Connery, H. S., Griffin, M. L., Weiss, R. D., Karakula, S. L., & McHugh, R. K. (2017). Religious coping in patients with severe substance use disorders receiving acute inpatient detoxification. The American Journal on Addictions, 26(7), 744. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12606 McCullough, M., & Larson, D. (1999). Religion and depression: A review of the literature. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 2 (2), 126-136. doi:10.1375/twin.2.2.126 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education; Health and Medicine Division; Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences; Board on Health Sciences Policy; Committee on the Health and Medical Dimensions of Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Opportunities for the Health Care System. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2020 Feb 27. 4, Risk and Protective Factors for Social Isolation and Loneliness. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557971/ Simon, G. E. (2001). Treating depression in patients with chronic disease. Western Journal of Medicine , 175 (5), 292-293. https://doi.org/10.1136/ewjm.175.5.2

Depression and Religion Struggles

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