ADS 115 Midterm

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Suffolk County Community College *

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115

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Psychology

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Apr 3, 2024

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ADS 115 Midterm Name: _______________________ Date: _________ 1.5 pt each question (60 pt total multiple-choice section) Circle or highlight your answers . Save in a Word document and email it back to me. I will be available for text and be on Zoom for Virtual assist every Monday 6:00 – 7:00 PM to discuss the midterm. Tobacco Use Disorder and Smoking Cessation 1) Nicotine is essentially a: a) stimulant. b) bronchoconstrictor. c) depressant. ) vasodilator. 2) The basis of nicotine addiction is: a) decreased levels of dopamine production. b) an underlying change in brain circuits. c) increased production of adrenaline. d) growth of new cells in the limbic system. 3) A substance use disorder is characterized in part by: a) the use of multiple, harmful substances. b) onset of use in early adolescence. c) a gradual increase in use over time. d) continued use despite negative interpersonal consequences 4) Tobacco use disorder is characterized in part by: a) financial difficulties caused by tobacco use. b) concurrent alcohol use. c) giving up important activities because of tobacco use. d) a worsening of pre-existing psychiatric disorders. 5) Smoking cessation can cause signs and symptoms of: a) withdrawal. b) pulmonary infections. c) serious cardiac events. d) increased craving. 6) The most effective treatment for smoking cessation is: a) behavioral interventions and pharmacotherapy. b) bupropion and fluoxetine. c) nicotine replacement therapy alone. d) behavioral interventions alone. 1

7) Which of these medications FDA approved for smoking cessation? a) Sertraline, nicotine, and varenicline b) Amitriptyline, paroxetine and bupropion. c) Bupropion, nicotine, and varenicline. D) Diazepam, nicotine, phenobarbital. 8) Many patients fail to quit smoking because they: a) are unaware that smoking is harmful. b) do not use medications or seek help. c) believe smoking cessation medications are harmful. d) do not believe that smoking is harmful. 9) Only _____% or so of smokers will still be abstinent after one year even with optimal treatment. a) 10 b) 15 c) 25 d) 30 10) Bupropion SR _____ mg once/day for three days, then increased to twice/day for 7 to 12 weeks is given for smoking cessation. a) 50 b) 100 c) 150 d) 200 The Neurobiology of Substance Use, Misuse, and Addiction 1) As individuals continue to misuse alcohol or other substances, progressive changes, called_____ occur in the structure and function of the brain. a) Accommodations b) Perseverations c) Neuroadaptations d) Neuroplasticity 2) The nucleus accumbens and dorsal striatum are two sub-regions of the: a) Prefrontal cortex b) Basal ganglia c) Occipital lobe d) Extended amygdala 3) Which is the process by which presentation of a stimulus such as a drug increases the probability of a response like drug taking? a) Positive reinforcement b) Impulsivity c) Negative reinforcement 2

d) Compulsivity 4) A person learns to associate the stimuli present while using a substance. Over time, these stimuli can activate the dopamine system on their own and trigger powerful urges to take the substance. These “wanting” urges are called a) Pseudo triggers b) Incentive salience c) Acute impact d) Craving echoes 5) Habit formation involves the release of: a) Dopamine and Glutamate b) Glutamate and Norepinephrine c) Norepinephrine and Melatonin d) Melatonin and Dopamine 6) Craving involves the: a) Prefrontal cortex b) Basal ganglia c) Occipital lobe d) Extended amygdala 7) To help explain how the prefrontal cortex is involved in addiction, some scientists divide the functions of this brain region into a _____and _____ system. a) Cocked, Fired b) Reactive, Synthesized c) Go, Stop d) Hi, Low 8) Studies show that diminished prefrontal cortex control over the extended amygdala is particularly prominent in humans with: a) Substance Use Disorders b) Psychosis c) Depression d) PTSD 9) According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), of the 20.8 million people aged 12 or older who had a substance use disorder during the past year, about 2.7million (13 percent) had both an alcohol use and an illicit drug use disorder, and about________ percent also had a mental illness. a) 11% b) 21% c) 41% d) 81% 3

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10) Clinical reports suggest that women who use cocaine, opioids, or alcohol progress from initial use to a disorder at a faster rate than do men – a phenomenon called: a) Ratcheting b) Telescoping c) Compression d) Leapfrogging Medications for Opioid Use Disorder 1) Opioids are _____ substances that have effects similar to morphine. a) Natural b) Synthetic c) Semisynthetic d) All the above 2) Which is a DSM-5 disorder a disorder characterized by loss of control of opioid use, risky opioid use, impaired social functioning, tolerance, and withdrawal? a) Opioid use disorder b) Opioid misuse c) Opioid abuse d) Opioid dependence 3) Naltrexone is a _____ . a) Schedule I medication b) Schedule II medication c) Schedule III medication d) Not a scheduled medication 4) Oral naltrexone is available but it has not been found to be superior to placebo or to no medication. a) True b) False 5) When a patient receives medication for as long as it provides a benefit, this is known as _____ treatment. a) Maintenance b) Acute c) Enduring d) Subsistence 6) How many people in the US ages 12 and older had OUD involving prescription opioids, heroin or both in 2016? a) 500,000 b) million c) 1.5 million d) 2.1 million 7) What term describes the sum of the internal and external resources that an individual can draw upon to begin and sustain recovery from SUDs? a) Treatment reserves b) Life collateral c) Resource balance d) Recovery capital 8) In distinguishing OUD from physical dependence on opioid medications, which statement is true? 4

a) Properly taken, some medications cause tolerance and physical dependence b) Physical dependence on a prescribed, properly taken opioid med is distinct from OUD c) OUD is often a chronic medical illness and treatment isn’t a cure d) All the above 9) Clients control the amount, duration, and scope of services they receive in a) Motivational interviewing b) Case management c) Person-centered care d) Family therapy 10) Which is NOT a suggested approach when engaging reluctant family members in a client’s treatment? a) Offer family or couples therapy b) Introduce them to mutual-help groups c) Help them understand OUD d) Help them recognize the benefits of the client’s substance use 11) All the following are true about medications and OUD EXCEPT a) The frontal cortex becomes overactive b) People with OUD use opioids to stave off withdrawal c) The amygdala becomes overactive d) Drug use becomes compulsive 12) Which medication used to treat OUD occupies the opioid receptors? a) Buprenorphine b) Naltrexone c) Methadone d) All the above 13) Buprenorphine’s effectiveness and sedation or respiratory effects don’t increase after a certain dosing level, even if more is taken. This is known as a _____ effect. a) Braking b) Governor c) Ceiling d) Tapering 14) With methadone, patients must attend a clinic for dose administration _____ during the start of treatment. a) 6 to 7 days per week b) Weekly c) Every other day d) Dosing must start in an inpatient setting 5

15) The injected form of Naltrexone lasts for a) 1 week b) 2 weeks c) 3 weeks d) 1 month 16) Which is an opioid antagonist that has successfully reversed many thousands of opioid overdoses? a) Naloxone b) Neosporin c) Loratadine d) Colace 17) Under the Americans With Disabilities Act, employers cannot discriminate against patients taking medication for OUD. a) True b) False 18) It is inappropriate to a) Deny OUD medication to pregnant women b) Discourage breastfeeding by mother’s taking OUD medications c) Direct women pregnant while taking OUD medication to undergo withdrawal from medications and attempt abstinence d) All the above 19) Which statement is true? a) NA doesn’t consider people taking OUD medication clean and sober b) Local chapters of NA may not allow people taking OUD medications to participate c) AA’s official policy is more accepting of the use of prescribed medication d) All the above 20) Tips for leading mixed groups include all the following EXCEPT a) Treat patients taking OUD medication the same as others in the group b) Reinforce messages of acceptance c) Review confidentiality rules d) Identify patients taking OUD medication Now go to the ESSAY PART of the MIDTERM. Found in the same Module. 6

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