Intelligence & Intelligence Testing_ 2023 Fall - PSYCH 1 (3455,3462) [9..16] - Anderson - (O)_3

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11/19/23, 9:45 PM Intelligence & Intelligence Testing: 2023 Fall - PSYCH 1 (3455,3462) [9..16] - Anderson - (O) https://online.smc.edu/courses/63614/pages/intelligence-and-intelligence-testing-2?module_item_id=3558511 1/3 Intelligence & Intelligence Testing To-Do Date: Nov 19 at 11:59pm Defining Intelligence Before this class, almost all of you have heard the phrase " IQ, " and likely have been told that someone with a high IQ is "naturally" smart. But what does IQ actually mean? How is it measured? Does it predict success? Explore the tabs below to learn more about the discriminatory history of IQ testing within the United States, current critiques of standardized testing, and alternative models of intelligence. Reliability, Validity & Stereotype Threat While currently IQ tests, as well as other aptitude tests, like the SAT are different from those created by Lewis Terman, disparate racial, class and gender outcomes remain. Stated differently, these tests still favor white, middle-class, men. Historian and author Ibram X. Kendi explains: How standardized tests were designed by racists and euge How standardized tests were designed by racists and euge … So What Makes a Good Test? A good test is both reliable and valid. Reliability - extent to which results are consistent. If an individual takes the same test multiple times, she should get similar results. As an example, imagine you are a basketball coach and your team is in the playoffs. In thinking about who will play, you have to choose between two players. Below are the number of points each player scored over the course of the season. Each number represents a different game. Player 1 Player 2 13 14 14 17 10 24 2 17 History of Intelligence Testing Critiques of Intelligence Testing Reliability, Validity & Stereotype Threat Cognitive Approaches to Intelligence Testing

11/19/23, 9:45 PM Intelligence & Intelligence Testing: 2023 Fall - PSYCH 1 (3455,3462) [9..16] - Anderson - (O) https://online.smc.edu/courses/63614/pages/intelligence-and-intelligence-testing-2?module_item_id=3558511 2/3 15 13 16 17 16 16 14 15 15 6 17 18 7 25 14 25 Total points: 180 Total points = 180 Which player would you pick to start in the playoffs? Likely, you would choose player 1. Player 1 has consistently scored throughout the season, so you can likely depend that she will perform similar in the playoffs. Player 1 is more reliable. Back to tests like the SAT. IQ and other aptitude tests ARE reliable. People tend to get similar results after taking the tests multiple times. Critiques exist, though, around the extent to which aptitudes tests are valid. Validity is defined as a test measuring what it says it measures. In thinking about IQ tests, do they actually measure a person's ability to learn or are they measuring something else? The logic of using tests like the SAT is that students who have a higher learning aptitude (i.e., have higher SAT scores), will be more successful in higher education. Is that actually true? Does the SAT predict, for example, future academic success at a 4-year higher educational institution? Not exactly. While reliable, tests like the SAT do not necessarily predict how one will academically perform when accepted into a 4-year institution. Research has shown that a person's grade point average in high school better predicts their success at a 4-year institution. Because of that, a number of university and colleges have moved away from using aptitude tests like the SAT. Of particular importance, the University of California system currently prohibits the use of the SAT and ACT in college admissions. (https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/01/us/university-of-california-sat-act-trnd/index.html#:~:text= (CNN)%20The%20University%20of%20California,victory%20to%20students%20with%20disabilities.&text=%22The%20current%20COVID %2019%20pandemic,Seligman%20said%20in%20his%20ruling.) What else can affect how people perform on tests? As you likely know, a lot can affect how well people do on exams. Research has shown that the following affect performance: general attitudes toward exams motivation familiarity with test-taking conventions expectations about how you will perform An area of social psychology that carries particular importance for performance on exams is stereotype threat. Stereotype threat is defined as a burden or doubt a person feels about their performance due to negative stereotypes about their group's abilities. Importantly, stereotype threat can operate both consciously and unconsciously. Watch this video by Dr. Claude Steele, the leading researcher on stereotype threat.

11/19/23, 9:45 PM Intelligence & Intelligence Testing: 2023 Fall - PSYCH 1 (3455,3462) [9..16] - Anderson - (O) https://online.smc.edu/courses/63614/pages/intelligence-and-intelligence-testing-2?module_item_id=3558511 3/3 After exploring all tabs, click "next" Stereotype Threat: A Conversation with Claude Steele Stereotype Threat: A Conversation with Claude Steele As of 2010, more than 300 studies have shown that stereotype threat can negatively affect test performance among: African Americans Latinx people Low-income folks Women Psychologically, this is how stereotype threat affects performance:

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