Intelligence & Intelligence Testing_ 2023 Fall - PSYCH 1 (3455,3462) [9..16] - Anderson - (O)_2

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11/19/23, 9:44 PM Intelligence & Intelligence Testing: 2023 Fall - PSYCH 1 (3455,3462) [9..16] - Anderson - (O) https://online.smc.edu/courses/63614/pages/intelligence-and-intelligence-testing-2?module_item_id=3558511 1/3 Intelligence & Intelligence Testing To-Do Date: Nov 19 at 11:59pm Defining Intelligence Before this class, almost all of you have heard the phrase " IQ, " and likely have been told that someone with a high IQ is "naturally" smart. But what does IQ actually mean? How is it measured? Does it predict success? Explore the tabs below to learn more about the discriminatory history of IQ testing within the United States, current critiques of standardized testing, and alternative models of intelligence. Critiques of Intelligence Testing Intelligence tests were widely used across United States society from the early 20th century onward. For example, IQ tests: were used for placement of military personnel in World War I led to the development of Special Education Programs were the basis upon which the Standard Aptitude Test (SAT) was created for admittance at higher education institutions Problematically, though, IQ tests favored: urban versus rural people white versus people of color, in particular Black people men versus women Why? For one, cultural values and experiences largely affected how people performed on IQ tests. What is considered "intelligent" in a rural environment, for example, is likely different from "intelligent" behavior in an urban environment. Tellingly, these tests did not explain how people could have low scores on the tests but perform intelligently within their lives. Additionally, IQ tests also tell us little about how a person answers questions and solves problems. Arguably, if definitions of intelligence include our capacity to learn, how we process information and develop solutions are important considerations. Leading intellectuals, like W. E B. DuBois (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_race_and_intelligence_controversy) argued that IQ tests were simply "a justification for systemic racism." Because these tests were used to determine employment and educational placement, they disproportionately and negatively affected low-income people, Black people, women, and people with disabilities. Current IQ tests Currently, IQ tests are standardized , one's score is determined through comparison with the performance of others who have previously taken the test. IQ scores are currently characterized as follows: History of Intelligence Testing Critiques of Intelligence Testing Reliability, Validity & Stereotype Threat Cognitive Approaches to Intelligence Testing

11/19/23, 9:44 PM Intelligence & Intelligence Testing: 2023 Fall - PSYCH 1 (3455,3462) [9..16] - Anderson - (O) https://online.smc.edu/courses/63614/pages/intelligence-and-intelligence-testing-2?module_item_id=3558511 2/3 Using this bell curve distribution, average IQ score is 100. Scores between 85-115 are considered 'average;' scores below 85 are considered 'poor performers;' and scores above 115 are considered high performers. Intelligence tests are still widely used within the United States. It is likely that you have taken an IQ test in primary school. Typically intelligence tests seek to measure: verbal reasoning quantitative reasoning abstract/visual reasoning short-term memory This is an example of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). Again, intelligence tests seek to capture an individual's aptitude - her ability to learn. Importantly, these tests are not achievement tests . An achievement test tests knowledge based upon material you have learned. So the weekly quizzes you take in this class are achievement tests

11/19/23, 9:45 PM Intelligence & Intelligence Testing: 2023 Fall - PSYCH 1 (3455,3462) [9..16] - Anderson - (O) https://online.smc.edu/courses/63614/pages/intelligence-and-intelligence-testing-2?module_item_id=3558511 3/3 After exploring all tabs, click "next"

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