Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet 2021-1 (1)

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #1) Type APA-Style Citation for article 1 here : van der Meer, L., Achmadi, D., Cooijmans, M., Didden, R., Lancioni, G. E., O’Reilly, M. F., Roche, L., Stevens, M., Carnett, A., Hodis, F., Green, V. A., Sutherland, D., Lang, R., Rispoli, M., Marschik, P. B., & Sigafoos, J. (2014). An iPad-based intervention for teaching picture and word matching to a student with ASD and severe communication impairment. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 27(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-014-9401-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts What is the background and rationale given for why this research is needed or worthwhile? What is the research question and/or hypothesis(es )? Advancing skills and enhancing the quality of life in the population of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the reason why journals publish findings on different interventions. The authors of this study focus on a certain population of individuals with ASD. For individuals that have ASD with limited speech or no speech, the use of iPads as a speech-generating device (SGD) can be used. The researchers in this journal posed the question if iPad-based SGD can be used to enhance academic skills such as picture and word-matching with ASD individuals who have limited or no speech. The purpose of the journal is also to extend previous research on systematic instructional strategies to help teach picture naming and matching with an iPad-based SGD mode. This technology is important because picture and word matching are relevant to academic and literacy skills learned within the school setting. The technology can help enable students with ASD with limited or no speech to participate in academic literacy skills instruction when at times they might be excluded. The authors' hypothesis is that the learner will increase the correct matching of picture-to-picture, word-to-picture, and word-to-word through an iPad-based SGD. 9.0 pts What In the journal, there is only one participant within the study group while the 9.0 pts

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #1) Type APA-Style Citation for article 1 here : van der Meer, L., Achmadi, D., Cooijmans, M., Didden, R., Lancioni, G. E., O’Reilly, M. F., Roche, L., Stevens, M., Carnett, A., Hodis, F., Green, V. A., Sutherland, D., Lang, R., Rispoli, M., Marschik, P. B., & Sigafoos, J. (2014). An iPad-based intervention for teaching picture and word matching to a student with ASD and severe communication impairment. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 27(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-014-9401-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts participants are used for this study/researc h? How many? Race? Gender? Age? Other demographics ? If insufficient info., specify this. authors conduct the intervention with the participant. The participant's name is Harley, and he is diagnosed with autism. At the current time of the study, Harley was 10 years and 2 months old. There is insufficient information on Harley’s race or any other demographic information from the journal. The information that is presented about Harley discussed assessment data on his communication performance and behaviors prior to the study occurring. It is presented from the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, second edition (Vineland-II; Sparrow et al. 2005), “Harley received age equivalencies of 1:7 (years: months) for expressive communication, 1:4 for receptive communication, and 4:2 for written communication. Results of the language expression domain on The Rossetti Infant-Toddler Language Scale (Rossetti 2006) indicated Harley was reported to say 15 meaningful words but was not observed to use two-word phrases frequently.” (van der Meer et al., 2014, p. 70). Harley can also understand approximately 50 words and presents behaviors which is his form of communication. Harley communicates by gesturing with his fingers when he is requesting an item or attention. He will also grab a person’s arm and pull the person closer to the item if needs are not met. When Harley disagrees with another person, he displays screaming and flopping his body. Harley was taught to request snacks using an iPad-based SGD 10 months prior to this study. There is also an instructor within this study who presents Harley with a picture trial by trial. There is insufficient information about these instructors regarding age, demographics, and area of expertise. It is known that during the study, the two instructors working with Harely were Donna Achamadi and Manon Cooijamns.

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #1) Type APA-Style Citation for article 1 here : van der Meer, L., Achmadi, D., Cooijmans, M., Didden, R., Lancioni, G. E., O’Reilly, M. F., Roche, L., Stevens, M., Carnett, A., Hodis, F., Green, V. A., Sutherland, D., Lang, R., Rispoli, M., Marschik, P. B., & Sigafoos, J. (2014). An iPad-based intervention for teaching picture and word matching to a student with ASD and severe communication impairment. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 27(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-014-9401-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts as non-contingent tangible reinforcement (potato chip) after each trial. The intervention phase of the study used the same procedures that were listed in the baseline phase of the study; however, there were added features to help with Harley’s behaviors. Physical prompts were delivered to Harley if he was unable to keep his hands on the table. For the first two sessions, there was a zero-second time delay, and was immediately prompted by the second instructor. During the third session, the 10-second time delay was reintroduced along with a prompt from the second instructor. The last modification of the intervention phase came during session 18 when the non-contingent tangible reinforcement was to be given after every fourth trial. After the intervention phase of the study, follow-up sessions were conducted in a similar fashion to the intervention phase. The authors used picture-to-picture matching five weeks after the intervention phase was completed. One week after the last intervention phase, the authors used word-to-picture. Finally, random order occurred two months after the last intervention phase.

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #1) Type APA-Style Citation for article 1 here : van der Meer, L., Achmadi, D., Cooijmans, M., Didden, R., Lancioni, G. E., O’Reilly, M. F., Roche, L., Stevens, M., Carnett, A., Hodis, F., Green, V. A., Sutherland, D., Lang, R., Rispoli, M., Marschik, P. B., & Sigafoos, J. (2014). An iPad-based intervention for teaching picture and word matching to a student with ASD and severe communication impairment. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 27(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-014-9401-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts What were the findings, or research outcomes? Please quantify if this is given? Was the research hypothesis(es ) supported, or not? During this study, the findings were broken into the four sections that Harley worked on. First, picture-to-picture baseline data consisted of Harley making zero percent correct responses. It was not until the seventh session during the intervention phase of the study that Harley reached the acquisition criterion of 80%. During the five follow-up sessions after the intervention phases of the study, Harley was able to maintain his performance at 83-92% correct responses with the picture-to-picture section. Harley continued to demonstrate a zero percent correct response when it came to the word-to-picture section within the baseline phases. It was not until session 22 during the intervention phases that Harley met the acquisition criteria for this section. After the intervention phase, Harley participated in three follow-up sessions where he was able to maintain an 83-92% correct response. Next, Harley’s performance on picture-to-word was evaluated. Harley’s baseline score remained at zero percent for this section; however, his performance increased to 83% after the sixth baseline session. There was no data that discussed Harley’s performance during the intervention phases of the study. Lastly, Harley’s word-to-word section was evaluated with his baseline score of correct responding remaining at zero percent. During the intervention phase, data was collected to support he was able to match correct responses around 60 to 83% during the trials. The data collected during this study supports that the intervention the instructors used on Harley showed an increase in learning picture and word matching while using an iPad-based SGD. The journal also discussed that matching skills became generalized without systematic instruction. I believe that the data and how Harley generalized the matching skill represent a successful hypothesis to use SGD to enhance academic skills. 9.0 pts

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #1) Type APA-Style Citation for article 1 here : van der Meer, L., Achmadi, D., Cooijmans, M., Didden, R., Lancioni, G. E., O’Reilly, M. F., Roche, L., Stevens, M., Carnett, A., Hodis, F., Green, V. A., Sutherland, D., Lang, R., Rispoli, M., Marschik, P. B., & Sigafoos, J. (2014). An iPad-based intervention for teaching picture and word matching to a student with ASD and severe communication impairment. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 27(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10882-014-9401-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts suggestions would you make for future research in this area? research should be done to introduce interventions when it comes to individuals with ASD who have limited to no speech. The author's intervention is now a way for this population to be included to participate in academic literacy skills instruction within the classroom setting. Quality of writing and APA Style Citation ***THIS BOX FOR GRADING USE ONLY- DO NOT COMPLETE*** 5.0 pts Total Points: 50.0

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #2) Type APA-Style Citation for article 2 here : Croen, L. A., Shankute, N., Davignon, M., Massolo, M. L., & Yoshida, C. (2017). Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with engagement in behavioral health treatment among children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3347–3357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3247-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts h? How many? Race? Gender? Age? Other demographics ? If insufficient info., specify this. when they were referred between February and May of 2014. The age range was divided into three sections. There was a total of 105 patients who were under five years of age.139 patients were 5 – 12 years of age. Lastly, 49 patients were over 12 years of age in this study. The journal continues to break down the patients within the child’s race or ethnicity. Within the study, 108 patients were Caucasian, 65 Hispanic, 78 Asian and, 42 were African American. The total number of participants was then categorized as 244 male and 49 female patients in the study. The data also represents a statistical analysis of the patients relating to other disorders or disabilities that will be summarized because over 80% of the participants were categorized within this subsection. The patients in this study had intellectual disabilities, sleep problems, seizure disorders, and a genetic disorder. Another large percentage of the patients were on a stimulant or Attention Deficit Hyper Activity Disorder medication. Other information about the patient's medication included a large percentage of the population on antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antianxiety, and other medications. The study also presents the different types of therapy they participated in. Most of the patients participated in speech, occupational, and feeding therapy. The data presented in this study also shows information pertaining to the patients' parental information. Most of the patients in this study were insured by their parent’s insurance coverage through their parent’s employer. A significant number of the patients did not have another family member who was diagnosed with ASD. The mother's average age was 38 years old, while the father’s average age was 41 years of age. It was observed within the data that a significant

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #2) Type APA-Style Citation for article 2 here : Croen, L. A., Shankute, N., Davignon, M., Massolo, M. L., & Yoshida, C. (2017). Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with engagement in behavioral health treatment among children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3347–3357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3247-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts percentage of the mothers and fathers of the patients attended undergraduate or postgraduate studies. What methods were used to answer the research question(s) (e.g. questionnaire s, analysis of archival data, actual experiments, observations) . NOTE: Needs to be described so have a clear picture of what was During this study, the authors collected data on 293 patients that pertained to their demographic information. The information was acquired through the medical records at KPNC related to clients from a certain age range and date range. The range of age included 2–18 years of age, while the date range was from February to May of 2014. After the data was obtained, the authors decided to work on defining four categories to comprise the data they found. The four categories in which the data will be placed and evaluated include patients who were never assessed or never started treatment, patients who were assessed but never started treatment; patients who initiated treatment but discontinued treatment, and patients who initiated and continued treatment. Once the four categories were established, the authors began to analyze the data between the different demographics and socio-demographic information. The authors used multivariate and bivariate forms of analyses to look for distinct patterns of 9.0 pts

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #2) Type APA-Style Citation for article 2 here : Croen, L. A., Shankute, N., Davignon, M., Massolo, M. L., & Yoshida, C. (2017). Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with engagement in behavioral health treatment among children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3347–3357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3247-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts Please quantify if this is given? Was the research hypothesis(es ) supported, or not? of 18 patients who were assessed but did not initiate treatment. Within this category, the median age of the patient was eight years old. The races included 6 Hispanic, 5 Caucasian , 4 Asian, and 3 African American. Within this category,15 were male and the remainder were female. The next section included 70 patients who initiated treatment and discontinued treatment with a median age of seven years old. The patients’ race within this group concluded that 29 were Caucasian, 18 were Hispanic, 16 were Asian, and 7 were African American. Next, the race of the 156 patients who initiated and continued treatment will be evaluated. There were 54 Caucasian, 32 Hispanic, 47 Asian, and 23 African American patients. An overall summary of the subsections will be concluded because the data shows each of the four categories' participants showed 80% or higher within the different subsections. Within the four categories, most of the participants were male compared to female. The family dynamic concluded that there were no other family members who presented a diagnosis of ASD. The patients throughout this study showed a high percentage of co-occurring disabilities or disorders (e.g., intellectual disability, sleep problems, seizure disorders, genetic disorders). The only discrepancy is with the GI disorder and each group displays a difference in percentage between all four groups. The participants in each of the four groups were on antidepressants, anticonvulsants, ADHD medication, antianxiety, and benzodiazepine. The participants were also presented with other treatments they were involved in at the time of the study. Most of the participants participated in speech, occupational, and feeding therapy. Once the data was compared, an overall idea was formed as to why the patients would not start or adhere to BHT. First, the authors realized that their data did not answer the questions as to why patients were not starting BHT. The overall findings supported that 25% of the participants never started services and 30% discontinued services or never attended their first session. The data they collected also concluded that the reason why participants had poor attendance in treatment was because of schedule conflicts. The authors discussed that parents' work schedules and patients’ medical appointments

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #2) Type APA-Style Citation for article 2 here : Croen, L. A., Shankute, N., Davignon, M., Massolo, M. L., & Yoshida, C. (2017). Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with engagement in behavioral health treatment among children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3347–3357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3247-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts conflicted with BHT service sessions. The authors concluded from other studies that staff turnover, lack of staff, and cancelations from providers occurred on a frequent basis. Although the research does not categorize each within a particular data section, the overall percentage for poor attendance is 41% of participants. The authors concluded that race did not have a part in this study; however, the socioeconomic information showed those with higher income or private insurance were able to maintain adherence to BHT. The authors compared their study with the studies from; A pilot study promoting participation of families with limited resources in early autism intervention (Carr and Lord 2016) , Engaging families into child mental health treatment: Updates and special considerations (Gopalan et al. 2010), and Access to care for autism-related services. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders (Thomas et al. 2007). The authors did find an answer to their hypothesis question pertaining to the age at which BHT services started. The data showed that participants who began at an age below eight years old had been significantly higher with being assessed for BHT, initiation of BHT, adherence to BHT schedule, and continued services. The authors concluded that early onset education for BHT to parents across multiple demographic and socio-economic statuses should be made available. Lastly, the authors discussed that a quicker assessment of the initiation of BHT should decrease the percentages of discontinuation of BHT amongst all patients.

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #2) Type APA-Style Citation for article 2 here : Croen, L. A., Shankute, N., Davignon, M., Massolo, M. L., & Yoshida, C. (2017). Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with engagement in behavioral health treatment among children with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47(11), 3347–3357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3247-5 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts Quality of writing and APA Style Citation ***THIS BOX FOR GRADING USE ONLY- DO NOT COMPLETE*** 5.0 pts Total Points: 50.0

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #3) Type APA-Style Citation for article 3 here : Neary, P., Gilmore, L., & Ashburner, J. (2015). Post-school needs of young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 18, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.06.010 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts What is the background and rationale given for why this research is needed or worthwhile? What is the research question and/or hypothesis(es )? Individuals with ASD are provided services or treatment throughout their time while attending school. The journal I chose discusses some of the important factors that contribute to why young adults with ASD struggle once they graduate school. The authors wanted to collect data on what the most significant needs are for those in the study with high-functioning ASD. Their question is what will the highest need be for the individuals within the study after they have completed school? This study can help with transitioning ASD students acquiring more skills or support needed to be successful with employment, housing, development of social groups, and independent living skills. The journal is unclear about the specific time in which the study took place; however, the study took place between 2013-2014. 9.0 pts What participants are used for this study/researc h? How many? Race? Gender? Age? Other demographics ? If insufficient The participants in this study all came from Queensland, Australia which consisted of parents of teenagers or young adults with high-functioning ASD. The authors reached out to local support groups and organizations to first acquire 174 participants. Once the questionnaires were sent to these participants, only 117 were able to complete and submit the questionnaire. The authors had to exclude some of the participants because 21 of the participant's children had a concurrent diagnosis. This left the sample study to only have a total of 95 participants. There is limited information as to the demographic information of these participants. There was a total of 89 biological parents while three were foster parents and two participants were grandparents raising a child with high-functioning ASD. The annual income from the 95 participants included 24% made up to $37,000, 36% ranged from 9.0 pts

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #3) Type APA-Style Citation for article 3 here : Neary, P., Gilmore, L., & Ashburner, J. (2015). Post-school needs of young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 18, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.06.010 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts . NOTE: Needs to be described so have a clear picture of what was done. and medical needs. The authors placed a scale from one to four for participants to label service as unmet, some services received, needs in the area are met, or the participants do not require this service. What were the findings, or research outcomes? Please quantify if this is given? Was the research hypothesis(es ) supported, or not? The findings of the questionnaires focus solely on young adults with high- functioning ASD. The young adults’ age range was 15-27 years of age with the mean age being 19 years old. Within this age range, 84% of the population were male compared to females. The authors found that 75% of the young adults lived with a family member or guardian, while 20 lived independently, and 4 lived in a supported living arrangement. All who reported on their living arrangements were labeled satisfied with their arrangements. Within the study of young adults, 64 were diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome, 22 with ASD, six had high-functioning ASD and three did not specify (Neary et al., 2015). The study also showed that 45% of the young adults had a comorbid psychological disorder. The disorders were not listed within this journal. No other demographic information including race or ethnicity was recorded for the young adults. The next results that were obtained through this study included their level of 9.0 pts

Research Article Reviews Summary Sheet (Article #3) Type APA-Style Citation for article 3 here : Neary, P., Gilmore, L., & Ashburner, J. (2015). Post-school needs of young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 18, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2015.06.010 Student name: Brandon Weaver Course/section: SPCE 680 Questions Pts completed education and employment status. The young adults in the study concluded that 50% completed high school and 20% went to obtain their post- high school qualifications. The authors also point out that 27 of the 95 young adults attempted to obtain training from a program after high school; however, their attempts failed. Within this category, the journal identified the barrier as a lack of organizational skills when attending a program after school. Next, the journal discussed young adults and their level of employment. Over 50% of the young adults were currently employed at the time of the study. Of the 46 young adults who were employed, 15 of them worked full-time positions. The parents who filled out the questionnaire believed that the young adults could acquire high-level employment if their social skills or interview skills were efficient prior to leaving school. The study also concluded what the participants’ daily activities included. Overall, participants spent most of their time engaging in sleep. Next, the participants spent many hours during their week with computer games or other special interests which is not described in the journal. The journal also showed how the participants spent a low number of hours exercising, doing housework, and social activities. Lastly, the journal was able to calculate if the participants' services were met or unmet. The journal showed that 29% of the young adults had their needs met with their services while the other 71% of the participants had none or some of their services met. Once the data was collected on employment, services, and living arrangements, the authors then focused on collecting data on the areas of difficulties that the participants had post-school. Within the questionnaire, it was reported over 30 times that the young adults had poor social skills or poor interview skills. Some of the other difficulties that are listed are 15 reports of difficulty following directions and attention to the task at hand. Lastly, the authors recorded a low number of reports from the questionnaire about poor organizational skills, poor judgment, and low self-confidence. The authors' question was then answered after evaluating the data from the questionnaire. Their answer reflects that the high-functioning ASD population is struggling