Alanna Horst MFT 6103 Week 9 (1)

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Dec 6, 2023

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Reviews Alanna Horst MFT 6103 Cultural Diversity, Gender, and Family Development National/Northcentral University Dr. Glass January 2, 2023

Reviews The two articles I chose were white privilege, pathological shame, and guilt, and the perversion of morality and transnational journeys. In part, I selected these articles because white privilege exists and is prevalent, and I have often heard that if you don't like it, go back to your own county, or you'd be treated poorly if you moved there; they don't like Americans. I feel it is essential for the therapist to understand what some give up or struggle with when they move here; it is not just learning a new language and traditions. Falicov is able to share perspectives of several cultures and expresses the ties to their culture of origin, their ways of life, and the difference between persons who are documented and those that are not. In Falicov's article, the idea of moving to another country, what that means, and the life and persons you leave behind. What happens to those relationships? The article focuses on how different persons view their ties to home, religious ideals, generations, etc., and the loss they feel associated with leaving their home and moving to the receiving country. Falicov (2019) states they work to maintain long-standing relationships while creating a new existence in places other than their homes. Falicov (2019) states these people have to make decisions about their relationships and do so from another country, which can be difficult for them. Falicov (2019) says that families are often struck with removing persons completely, strained relationships, or moving back to resolve those issues. In Shelby's article, the idea of what it was like in a home with difficulty managing problems and the realization it wasn't until later that he realized how ingrained some of his thoughts were. Shelby (2019) acknowledged some of the advances were directly related to being Caucasian and male, addressing the fact that one must accept what it means to be born "white" and that all the privileges provided to us were given long ago, created in a white/male/patriarchy. Shelby (2019) asks one to consider the reality that persons other than Caucasians continue to be

Reviews treated "separate but not equal." It is perhaps an uncomfortable look at the life we have acquired, how we were able to do so, and how we perpetuated, even if unaware or unintentional, the continuation of inequity. When considering the loss and separation from moving to a new country, perhaps collaborative or solution-focused therapies would be beneficial as collaborative language considers possibilities and solution-focused pushes thought to the future. Reactions I was very interested in the idea of someone being from another country and learning about that person's perspective. I was also curious about how I would respond to the "white" article. I am saddened by the loss the families feel and their obligations to make a choice about their family and friends back home. Perhaps, unfortunately, I am not surprised by that fact as I have family from other countries, and I know how difficult it is when something happens or when COVID began, for example, and the pain of not touching their loved ones. Honestly, I felt very uncomfortable while reading Shelby's article, having not been aware of all of it. It makes perfect sense to me, and I appreciate the honesty and directness of the article. It made me feel embarrassed to some degree, perhaps because I was, no matter how much training, unaware. I also felt angry, almost as if we should not have to continue having these conversations, not, of course, they are not needed. I love and want to protect all of my people, so yes, I suppose I am angry that it has to be said and angry that people who are not white continue to be made to feel that way. I was saddened by how Shelby described his early life having over 20 years of experience in the field of childhood abuse and neglect. I have seen abuse caused by or related to race, gender identity, location, mental health concerns, and sexual orientation, etc. Consistently the end result is the same, no matter how each gets there—knowing the difference between those with benefits

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Reviews and those without those same benefits. I also very much appreciate the idea of in his work with interns and his commitment to teaching and molding future therapists. I don't know that I learned anything I wasn't aware of; I think I believed we were much father than we seemed to be. I never really considered the impact of learning on my view of people as I was raised to be respectful and aware; I thought I was already ready for all of this; however, I learned that, as mentioned, I had a visceral reaction. Crossroads Mosher et al. (2017) define cultural humility in therapy as a desire to know more, ongoing self-reflection, respect for others, commitment to addressing power discrepancies, and thinking of others without losing oneself. Mosher et al. (2017) state that addressing cultural humility in the therapy room has improved client-therapist relations, treatment outcomes, and collaboration. Frosh (1995) shares that postmodernism has emerged as a key one in psychoanalysis and family systems therapy. Frosh (1995) suggests postmodernism techniques have been original and thought-provoking, and it has also provided connections with culture and identities. Frosh (1995) states postmodernism allows people to re-illustrate their story in working with the therapist and has that therapist focus on a not-knowing stance. This stance allows the therapist to take a student role in learning from another individual. Frosh (1995) shares that in its nature, postmodernism has allowed people to think in terms of their experiences. Mosher et al. (2017) state cultural humility is about working collaboratively, asking questions, and addressing any times a client has felt injustice by the therapist. Working from a not knowing stance is about working with clients, asking questions, and will need to address any concerns the client has with the therapist.

Reviews I believe social constructionist therapy would be an excellent therapy to consider the cultural lens. Chaykin (2017) states that constructionists, by nature, want to ensure that work together is collaborative and ask questions that allow people to think about how their beliefs impact them. Chaykin (2017) describes that social constructionism asks clients to become aware of how they are expected to follow the ways of the community to which they belong. Chaykin (2017) shares solution focused therapy will enable clients to share what they believe are the issues, work collaboratively with the therapist and create goals. Chaykin (2017) acknowledges that this is done through miracle questions, scaling questions, and setting goals in their language, considering their culture. Chaykin (2017) states that narrative therapists ask questions, address strength, information, and reality created in families/communities, and consider culture. Chaykin (2017) reviews narrative therapy, places the person as the most knowledgeable, and asks questions that allow the therapist to show the client how their culture impacts them and their thoughts and beliefs to come up with a re-illustration. Therapist When considering the therapist's context, it is crucial to understand how their views, understandings, and background impact the clients they serve. Suppose a therapist is not working within a frame of looking for understanding and self-reflection. How can the therapist also ensure the ability to provide respect and collaboration with clients? Mosher et al. (2017) share that "the best client outcomes happen when a therapist works from a place of cultural humility." I need to consider how my background, views, and knowledge of the world can impact my work with clients. As postmodernism asks for collaborative work between therapist and client, it would be a natural progression that my views would come into my work. When challenging, I must address these and consult a supervisor or team member to help me work through my

Reviews preconceived notions. The clients' beliefs, values, family and community culture, etc., will likely link to why they came into therapy in the first place. To be the best therapist, I must consider my own perceptions and feelings. I must also consider how I am viewed by the client and how I may come across to those with which I work. When considering persons with issues with opposing races present, I will have a lot of work to do to calm my frustration and provide effective quality care. I understand to the best of my current knowledge, the experiences of loss and separation and my privilege. However, I also know I will need to continue to vow to learn and grow even as I provide therapy. D'Arrigo et al. (2017) discuss that respecting client autonomy, taking a not-knowing stance, and working together can mitigate the impact of the therapeutic authority. D'Arrigo recommends being transparent about the why behind specific questions, caring about social issues, asking clients questions to improve understanding, and being open to working together. D’Arrigo (2017) recommends it is crucial to understand one’s ethical stance.

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Reviews References Chaykin, R. (2017, August 29). Postmodern therapeutic approaches [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTxQmJExfes D’Arrigo, P. J., Hoff, C., Knudson, M. C., & Tuttle, A. (2017). Navigating critical theory and postmodernism: Social justice and therapist power in family therapy. Family Process , 56 (3), 574–588. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12236 Falicov, C. J. (2019). Transnational journeys. In M. McGoldrick & K. Hardy (Eds.), Re-visioning family therapy, 108-122. The Guilford Press. Mosher, D. K., Hook, J. N., Captari, L. E., Davis, D. E., DeBlaere, C., & Owen, J. (2017). Cultural humility: A therapeutic framework for engaging diverse clients. Practice Innovations , 2 (4), 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000055 Shelby, R. (2019). White privilege, pathological shame, and guilt, and the perversion of morality. In M. McGoldrick & K. Hardy (Eds.), Re-visioning family therapy, 283-297. The Guilford Press. Frosh, S. (1995) Postmodern versus psychotherapy. Journal of Family Therapy . 17, 175-190.

Reviews https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-6427.1995.tb00012.x

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