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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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3) Some behaviours, such as cursing and wearing revealing clothing are acceptable in some social contexts, but are considered unacceptable in other situations, such as in a business office. Which of the following explains why this is the case? a. Social norms only apply to social contexts with written guidelines for behaviour, for example, the workplace. b. Many social norms are specific to a social context. c. Social norms vary from person to person and are not related to the social context. d. Social norms only exist for major societal issues, such as theft and murder; there are no social norms for trivial behaviours such as cursing or appropriate dress. A- B 5) Daniel's friends would probably describe him as easy going and a bit of a jokester. However, after becoming a police officer, Daniel feels that he is expected to be serious and strict. Daniel is feeling pressure to conform his behaviour to the ______________ of police officer. a. norm b. prejudice c. groupthink d. social role A- D 11) When individuals find themselves in new situations where they are uncertain of how to behave, they often copy the behaviours of others, a strategy known as a. mimicry. b. obedience. c. groupthink. d. Parodying. A - A 12) Wilhelm doesn't follow sports, but he agrees to go to a football game with a friend. Because he is unfamiliar with the rules, Wilhelm watches the other spectators around him carefully to see when they clap, stand, cheer, and boo and then copies their behaviour. Which strategy is Wilhelm using? a. groupthink. b. parodying. c. mimicry. d. obedience. C 32) Carlita has just come from her first therapy session. To better understand Carlita's generalized anxiety, the therapist asked her to talk about her childhood experiences and

interactions with her parents and has asked her to keep a dream journal for the next several weeks. With which orientation is this approach most consistent? a. behavioural b. eclectic c. humanistic d. psychoanalytic/psychodynamic D 33) Freud believed that patients could not identify their psychological conflicts without the help of a therapist. This was primarily because Freud believed that a. non-psychiatrists do not have the training to understand their own psychology. b. people are not aware of their psychological conflicts because they are located in the unconscious mind. c. most people are too busy to think about their internal motivations and conflicts. d. people are too biased to objectively assess their mental state on their own. B 34) Laura has had many different jobs, but she always does something to get herself fired. After about fifteen therapy sessions, during which she explores her earliest memories, she has an insight. She comes to believe that sabotaging her jobs is her way of expressing anger toward her father, who had always put his job before his family. What method of therapy is Laura most likely engaged in? a. psychoanalysis b. behaviour therapy c. cognitive therapy d. humanist therapy A 35) Bart is asked by his psychotherapist to close his eyes. After a few minutes of relaxing, the therapist asks Bart to discuss whatever comes to mind and to continue without censoring any of the ideas or thoughts he experiences. Bart is experiencing the therapeutic technique of a. active confrontation. b. transference. c. free association. d. systematic desensitization c 56) Carl Rogers asserts that an effective psychotherapist will a. actively confront and challenge his or her client's erroneous beliefs. b. interpret important transference and resistance behaviours for his or her client.

c. provide unconditional positive regard toward his or her client. d. seek to identify how negative reinforcement is promoting maladaptive behaviours, feelings, and/or thoughts for an individual. C 61) Who of the following is LEAST likely to benefit from insight therapy? a. a middle-aged mother of two b. a 20-something mailroom clerk c. a man who has been experiencing panic attacks d. a 6-year-old with intellectual disabilities d 65) Jenny was been bitten by several dogs when she was younger. As an adult, Jenny has an extreme phobia for dogs, and begins to shake if she even sees a dog. Using the language of classical conditioning, dogs have become a a. unconditioned stimulus. b. unconditioned response. c. conditioned stimulus. d. conditioned response. c 67) Cherise finds out that she is being transferred to an office located on the tenth floor of a building. The problem is that she fears heights so much that she never goes above the third floor in any building. Her therapist teaches her how to relax deeply while imagining looking out over a balcony. As her therapy progresses, Cherise imagines herself on higher and higher floors. This technique is called a. systematic desensitization. b. aversive conditioning. c. flooding. d. transference. a 6) Which of the following has been the MOST DIFFICULT for health psychologists to demonstrate through research? a. Smoking is correlated with watching movie stars smoke. b. Watching movie stars smoke causes adolescents to smoke. c. Adolescents who smoke identify with movie stars who smoke. d. Adolescents who smoke are exposed to more smoking in movies B 10) Kendra goes to the doctor's office for a physical. After measuring Kendra's weight

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and height, the doctor enters the data into a mathematical formula and then tells Kendra that she is overweight. The doctor most likely used the formula to calculate Kendra's ________________. a. body mass index b. positive energy balance c. set point d. obesity rate a 15) Patrick decided to lose weight by dieting. He found that it was relatively easy to lose the first 18 pounds or so, but after that, he felt his body was fighting his effort to lose more weight. Patrick's experience is consistent with the concept of _______________. a. positive energy balance b. the general adaptation syndrome c. extinction d. a set point d 32) Larry and Kim just got married. Although every marriage is different, how is their marriage most likely to affect their health? a. Larry's health will benefit from the marriage while Kim's health with suffer. b. Kim's health will benefit from the marriage while Larry's health with suffer. c. Both Larry and Kim will benefit, but Larry will benefit more. d. Both Larry and Kim will benefit, but Kim will benefit more. c 35) When Wally decided to quit smoking, several of his friends began smoking less. Overtime, most of Wally's friends eventually stopped smoking as well. This is an example of social _____________. a. contagion b. discrimination c. coercion d. desensitization a 40) According to Lazarus and Folkman, our first task when faced with a potential stressor is to determine whether it is a challenge or threat. This evaluation is referred to as _____________. a. primary appraisal b. secondary appraisal c. stress-related decision

d. hassle-related decision a 41) Miranda is questioning whether her upcoming business trip, where she must travel through an area with many mountains, will pose a danger for her. As such, this example illustrates _______________. a. a stress reaction b. coping c. primary appraisal d. secondary appraisal c 61) When you are under stress, the _______________ sends messages to the endocrine glands along two major pathways. a. amygdala b. hippocampus c. hypothalamus d. corpus callosum c 66) Jamie has worked for the Jones & Miller law firm for the past five years. The firm is in the process of downsizing and laying off employees. Jamie is afraid that she may lose her job. To help deal with this stressful situation, Jamie tends to rely on her social contacts for support, in addition to nurturing those around her. This is known as _____________ response. a. fight-or-flight b. tend-and-befriend c. reliance-and-coping d. friend-or-relationship b Men who experience ongoing stress are at a much higher risk of developing coronary heart disease compared to other men. How is chronic stress believed to contribute directly to heart disease? a. Stress hormones slow down heart rate, decreasing circulation and allowing plaques to build up. b. Stress overstimulates heart tissue, which leads to damage. c. Stress hormones block the absorption of oxygen into the blood, leading to enlargement of the heart. d. Stress stimulates the immune system's inflammatory response, which leads to the development of plaques.

d 2) Jonah's therapist tells him that his depression is likely the result of several factors, including having a genetic predisposition to depression, a pessimistic personality, and a chaotic family life. This view of depression is an example of the _______________ model. a. many-factor b. biopsychosocial c. maladaptive d. medical b 9) Dr. Nwoambi is an American psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder. a. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders b. Physician's Desk Reference c. Textbook of Psychological Disorders d. Manual of Psychological and Behavioural Disorders a 23) A person who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is most likely to exhibit a. a charming, self-centered, and manipulative interpersonal style. b. impulsivity and unpredictability in his or her interactions with others. c. intense discomfort in most social situations and odd thinking and behaviour patterns. d. a strong need to be the center of attention in all social situations. b 27) Cindy craves the attention of everyone around her. The few friends that she has admit that Cindy is "full of herself," and acts like she is better than everyone else. When Cindy had sex with her best friend's boyfriend, she felt no remorse. Which personality disorder would Cindy be most likely to be diagnosed with? a. borderline b. avoidant c. narcissistic d. dependent c 31) A psychiatric patient repeatedly breaks the law, behaves impulsively, and generally demonstrates a disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others. It is most likely that

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this patient will be diagnosed with a. borderline personality disorder. b. antisocial personality disorder. c. bipolar disorder. d. schizophrenia. b

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