PSY 211 Module Five Milestone Template (1)

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address both Part One and Part Two of the template. Complete this template by replacing the bracketed text with the relevant information. Part One: Theories at a Glance Table After reviewing the example row, complete the table below to prepare you to complete Project Two.  Identify the appropriate perspective(s) that best relate to each theorist by inserting an X under the appropriate perspective column. It is possible that some theorists may apply more than one perspective.  Identify the primary theoretical concept(s) of each theorist and provide a brief explanation of the perspective–theorist alignment you identified. Theorist Biological Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Psychological Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Social Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Primary Theoretical Concept(s) or Theme and Explanation Sigmund Freud (example row) Yes Yes No Primary Concepts: Psychosexual development, conflicts, neuroses Erik Erikson No Yes Yes Psychosocial development of homo sapiens. He believed nurture was the fundamental factor of personality. Maria Montessori No Yes Yes Values the human spirit and the development of the whole child: physical, social, emotional, and Cognitive. Jean Piaget Yes Yes Yes Piaget's theory of cognitive development looked at how children develop intellectually throughout the course of childhood. 1

Theorist Biological Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Psychological Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Social Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Primary Theoretical Concept(s) or Theme and Explanation Lev Vygotsky No No Yes Vygotsky had a sociocultural theory. He believed social interaction plays a critical role in children's learning. Through social interactions, children go through a continuous process of learning. Aaron Beck No Yes No Beck thought that individuals prone to depression develop a negative self-schema. “Beck claimed that negative schemas may be acquired in childhood as a result of a traumatic event.” (“What is Beck's schema theory of anxiety? - Processing Therapy”) John Watson No No Yes Watson placed emphasis on external behavior of people and their reactions. The analysis of behaviors and reactions were the only objective method to get insight in the 2

Theorist Biological Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Psychological Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Social Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Primary Theoretical Concept(s) or Theme and Explanation human actions. B. F. Skinner No Yes No Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, that behavior is determined by its consequences, whether positive or negative. Mary Ainsworth No Yes No Mary Ainsworth identified attachment styles. Attachment theory holds that infants need a 'security' attachment to thrive, while anxious attachments can lead to problems. Albert Bandura No No Yes Bandura's theory Identity the importance of observing and watching the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others around him. Kurt Fischer Yes No Yes Fischer's theory, called Dynamic Skill Theory, is a comprehensive theory of human 3

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Theorist Biological Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Psychological Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Social Perspective Indicate with an ‘X’ if present in the theory. Primary Theoretical Concept(s) or Theme and Explanation development. It describes mechanisms of development and a developmental sequence while considering the impact of contextual and interpersonal factors in learning. Urie Bronfenbrenne r Yes No Yes Urie Bronfenbrenner developed Bronfenbrenner the bioecological theory of development. He believed that human development is a transactional process in which an individual's development is influenced by his or her interactions with different 'systems' in their environment. Part Two: Short-Response Questions  Identify a theorist from the Theories at a Glance table, summarize their theory, and explain the aspects of that theory that relate to one of the three perspectives : biological, psychological, or social. Support your answer with a credible source. The person I picked is Urie Bronfenbrenner. The thoery he was working on shows that many relationships that affects child’s development. “microsystem is the most influential. This is the most immediate environmental settings containing the 4

developing child, such as family and school” (Guy-Evans,O. 2023) the mesosystem being anything that can affect the child’s development, the exosystem being neighbors and extended family, the macrosystem is the culture and/or the society of the home, and environment the child is growing up in. Bronfenbrenner stated that there are different level’s to one’s enviroment, those are these being the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and the macrosystem.  Select another theorist from the Theories at a Glance table and explain how their theory applies to your own learning development and lived experience. Albert Bandura’s Theory that behavior is learned through obseversation, hands on, and simpily monkey see monkey do. I remember learnging how to work on cars watching my father at an early age, started with handing him tools to helping him undo bolts. It was a great learning experience based of watching, and hands on you can learn a lot in your childhood development, and you can also learn the bad as you grow up. Childern learn how to do things phsyically and emotiontional thorugh adults as they seek us for answers for things they cannot answer. References: Author links open overlay panelAaron T. Beck 1, 1, 2, & AbstractA three-stage schema-based information processing model of anxiety is described that involves: (a) the initial registration of a threat stimulus; (b) the activation of a primal threat mode; and (c) the secondary activation of more elaborative and . (1998b, June 15). An information processing model of anxiety: Automatic and strategic processes . Behaviour Research and Therapy. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796796000691 By, Guy-Evans, O., on, U., & 14, S. (2023, September 14). Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory . Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/bronfenbrenner.html 5

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