Week_4_Knight_PSYCH655

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1 Test Development: Psychological Construct Crystal Knight University of Phoenix Psych/655 Dr. Nancy Walker 10/10/2023

2 Test Development: Psychological Construct When people suffer from mental illness but thrive in certain areas of life such as finances, society tends to overlook them and ‘pretend’ that the person is successful and needs nothing. However, mental illness can cause silent suffering in an individual’s life. In order to help identify those struggling in silence a new testing instrument will be formulated in order to measure people’s mental state without humiliating them or asking them to be open and honest in an environment of their peers. One major construct that people often try to mask or hide is depression. With this new approach, an individual’s score can show how the person is feeling and dealing with depression. The scores are ranked in comparison to the whole group being tested. The norm references the test data that is being evaluated. This test would need to be given by employers. The test anxiety is taken into consideration and a normative sample is taken which then analyzes and evaluates the person that is testing. Test takers should show some sign of increased absences at work, agitated or withdrawn behaviors, and other symptoms to be discussed. The scores of testers are then used as the norm for any future tests. ( Fukuzaki, T., & Takeda, S., 2022). Depression” 10-Question Test. Below is a 10-question test for depression for adults between the ages of 30-60 also known as midlife. This is the age adults are caring for children and oftentimes parents, financial stress, isolation, work and relationship issues, and hormonal changes, among other responsibilities with no sign of relief. The scores will be added up on all statements, which will range between 10 to 50. A low score between 0 and 18 will show the subject is not dealing with these depression symptoms. If the score is low such as 8 or 9, the person may not be open and

3 honest or willing to discuss the symptoms. Scores that are in the 20 to 35 range show that the individual is dealing with some depression. Scores over 35 show the subject is dealing with some high levels of depression and the individual should be evaluated for clinical depression or even suicidal tendencies. Rate your answer: 0- Never 5-Sometimes 10- Almost everyday 15- Everyday #1 : Have you felt like things are “No Use or can’t change no matter how hard you try” in the last 3-6 months? #2 : Do you struggle to laugh and enjoy the moment? #3: Do you feel tired all the time although you get the proper amount of rest? #4: Do you struggle to sleep through the night without disturbances? #5: Have you noticed your eating habits changing lately? (Eating less or more than usual?) #6: Do you notice concentrating being harder than usual or do you notice feeling the need to numb yourself such as watching more TV than usual? #7 : Are you worried about letting others down so much that it interrupts your inner peace? #8: Have you found yourself crying or dissociating without cause? #9: Do you have any health problems that would cause chronic pain or cause you to lose trust in your physical health?

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4 #10: Do you ever feel like suicide would be easier than continuing to live? Add all your scores together for your results. Scoring: 0-18: Little to no symptoms of depression 19-35: Mild to Moderate Depression 36-60: Severe depression Level Two Heading Replace the level two heading with the words for your heading. The heading must be left- aligned and in bold font. The text begins as a new paragraph. Instrument Type. This test would be considered a self-reporting instrument to measure the depression an individual is dealing with. The scoring is based on how high they rated themselves on each question. Arguably, someone could be dishonest while answering the questions so there should be some level of consideration for openness and honesty. ( Acikgoz, B., Dalkiran, B., & Dayi, A., 2022). Selection. This tool was selected based on the increasing number of suicides and untreated depression in those who are financially stable. There is a stigma in society that if an individual has financial stability, they have happiness, that all their problems leave. However, this is more untrue than true. When developing the questions, the DSM-5 was taken into consideration as far as the diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders. For example, having a depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, feeling sad and hopeless, diminished interest or pleasure in things that used to make an individual laugh or enjoy the moment. Also, changes is weight to support the

5 question about eating habits. Dealing with insomnia and/or agitation. A lower ability to concentrate, etc. (DSM-5, 2013) Norm. This test would be given to 10% of the employer’s company per week. Each week the participants would be random and testing once would not exempt an individual from testing again. This would support random mental health checks in the workplace. This test would not discriminate against gender, sexual preference, religion, or age. This would be targeted for those between 30-60 as that is considered middle age. Reliability. In terms of reliability, in order to evaluate the test’s consistency, the questions will be switched from number place to place and “re-worded” each test time to be sure participants are not just marking the same answers in an attempt to score low. This test will also need to be evaluated from a statistical standpoint. A test that is has reliability will range from 0.65 points to about 0.90. Validity. When measuring the validity of a test construct that decides the level to which the test measures what it is designed to measure, the validity determines the degree to which it measures this. The validity can be stated like the extent to which the scores of a certain test represent an item such as depression. Conclusion In conclusion, this test would help keep a workplace free from mental health problems and if there are problems, it would be a safe work environment that will be conducive to helping

6 people through the stressors of life that they may struggle to cope with. This test can help employers understand what coping skills need to be taught and how much PTO is appropriate to have happy and healthy employees.

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7 References The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM–5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) Fukuzaki, T., & Takeda, S. (2022). The relationship between cognitive flexibility, depression, and work performance: Employee assessments using cognitive flexibility tests. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports , 10 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100388 Acikgoz, B., Dalkiran, B., & Dayi, A. (2022). An overview of the currency and usefulness of behavioral tests used from past to present to assess anxiety, social behavior and depression in rats and mice. Behavioural Processes , 200 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2022.104670

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