Exam Chpts 9-12 PS 222 Summer 2023

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Psychology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Exam Chpts 9-12 PS 222 Child Dev. Summer 2023 Professor E. Watson Name: Sam Hart Date: 7/14/23 1. In reference to social and emotional milestones, approximately what month/year does a child begin to: Understand the idea of mine, his, hers. Separates easily from mom and dad. Dresses and undresses self. Choose from one of the following choices: a. 5 years c. 3 years b. 2 years d. 4 years 2. Briefly describe Erikson’s Initiative vs Guilt: If the child is placed in an environment where they can explore, make decisions, and initiate activities, they have achieved initiative. On the other hand, if the child is put in an environment where initiation is repressed through criticism and control, he/she will develop a sense of guilt. 3. Briefly describe the following terms: Gender identity, gender constancy, and gender roles: Gender Identity – Each person’s internal and individual experience of gender. Gender Constancy – A cognitive stage of development of children at which they come to understand that their gender is fixed and cannot change over time. Gender Roles – The behaviors men and women exhibit in the private and public realm. 4. True or False: Chodorow believed that mothering promotes stereotypic behavior. Mothers push sons away too soon and girls are kept dependent too long? True 5. In reference to Baumrind’s model of parenting, choose the correct parenting style for the description below: Parent is appropriately strict, reasonable, and affectionate. Parent allows for a negotiation- but discipline matches the offense. Choose from one of the following choices: a. permissive c. authoritarian b. authoritative d. uninvolved 6. In reference to Lemasters and Defrain model of parenting, choose the correct parenting style for the description below:

Parent focuses primarily on making sure the child is obedient and parent has full control of the child. Choose from one of the following choices: a. martyr b. teacher counselor c. pal d. police officer/drill sergeant 7. True or False: Working class parents reward their children for taking initiative, being self- directed, and assertive in their jobs? True 8. Please list the different types of diverse family forms the textbook discusses: Nuclear, single parent, extended family, childless family, stepfamily 9. Please describe why peer relations are important: They provide unique context in which children learn a range of critical social emotional skills, such as empathy, cooperation, and problem-solving strategies. 10. In reference to Piaget’s stages of play, choose the correct stage of play for the description below: Involves experimenting with objects to build things, learning things that were previously unknown with hands on manipulations of materials. Choose from one of the following choices: a. Functional b. symbolic c. constructive d. games with rules 11. In reference to Parten’s classification of play, choose the correct type of play for the description below: Children play alongside each other, using similar toys, but do not directly act with each other. Choose from one of the following choices: a. Associative Play b. Parallel Play c.Onlooker play d. Solitary Play 12. Please share some factors that can influence in children’s eating habits and attitudes toward food during middle childhood years: Family environment, societal trends, taste preferences, and messages in media. 13. Please list what the US Census bureau characterizes into groups regarding children and malnutrition: _____________________________ ______________________________

_____________________________ ______________________________ 14. Please describe what anaphylaxis is: Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction which can occur within seconds or minutes after exposed to the allergen. 15. What are some activities/things that a middle school child can do in regard to preventing or combating childhood obesity: Playing with soccer ball for 45–60 min Walking 35 min Shooting a basketball for 30 min Biking for 30 min 16. True or False: Children do not need to be concerned about their oral health, but they should brush at least one time a day, preferably in the morning for fresh breath. False 17. True or False: Children cannot experience PTSD according to the Diagnostic Statistical Manual 5. False 18. Autism Spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder where symptoms generally appear in the first two years of life. According to the DSM-5, People with ASD have (name the general characteristics the textbook mentions): Problems with social communication and interaction, restricted or repetitive behaviors/interests, different ways of learning, moving, or paying attention. 19. Not all people with ASD show all behaviors, but most will show several. Please name at least one social communication/interaction behavior, and one restrictive / repetitive behavior below: Difficulty communicating nonverbally and hand flapping. 20. Please share some causes and risk factors research suggests for cause of ASD below: Being born to older parents, having certain genetic or chromosomal conditions, experiencing complications at birth, and having a sibling with ASD.

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21. Please list (don’t describe) the cognitive skills developed during Piaget’s concrete operational stage They understand reversibility. They can decenter. They better understand identity. 22. According to Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, The ability to apply newly found skills to novel situations is considered which one below: a. Common sense b. analytical c. creative d. practical 23. According to Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences, The ability to understand and interact effectively with others is considered which one of the multiple intelligences below: a. naturalistic b. linguistic c. spatial d. interpersonal 24. According to the textbook, please share the definition of “standardization” of a test, below: A standardized test is a method of assessment built on the principle of consistency. 25. True or False: It’s believed that Binet and Simon developed the first intelligence test that consisted of a wide variety of questions that included the ability to name objects, define words, draw pictures, complete sentences, compare items and construct sentences? True 26. True or False: Intelligence tests cannot be considered bias because it reflects the consideration of the idea of intelligence across cultures. True 27. Please choose the best answer below regarding the law that mandates schools to administer achievement tests to students and publish the results so that parents have an idea of their child’s/districts performance: a. Normal Distribution Act b. No Child Left Behind Act c. MCAS Act d. The Every Student Succeeds Act 28. List (don’t describe) the major branches of Linguistics: Literary Linguistics Conversation Analysis Dialectology Historical Linguistics Language Acquisition Morphology 29. Which of the following describes a disability that a child has difficulty with math problems, understanding time, and using money? a. Dyscalculia b. Dyslexia c. Dysgraphia d. Dyspraxia 30. Please choose the correct legislation/law in which disabilities be accommodated in any program or activity that receives Federal Funding. a. Rehabilitation Act of 1973, sec. 504 c. American Disabilities Act of 1990 b. Individuals with Disabilities Ed Act d. Individualized Education Plan

31. Please briefly describe Erik Erickson’s Industry vs Inferiority stage: Children at this stage seek recognition from both adults and peers that they are capable and competent. Children learn what they can and can’t accomplish; however, their ability is more important through practice and work. Children are focused on achievement, winning, and social status. 32. Which theorist created stages of moral development: a. Erickson b. Piaget c. Freud d. Kohlberg 33. True or false: Self-efficacy theory is the belief that you are capable of carrying out a specific task or of reaching a specific goal. Discrepancies between self-efficacy and ability can create motivational problems for the individual. True 34. Please list a few ways bullying can be displayed (minimum 5 ways-maximum 8): Teasing, name-calling, taunting, leaving someone out on purpose, telling other children not to be friends with someone, spreading rumors about someone, Hitting/kicking/pinching. 35. True or False: Children who are bullied, oftentimes may not inform apparent or teacher. True

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