PSY101- Chapter 3

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Dec 6, 2023

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Chapter 3 Writing Assignment Amy Edwards Department of Psychology, Eastern Gateway Community College PSY101: Intro to Psychology Dr. Kristen Jeffries November 5, 2023

2 Chapter 3 Writing Assignment Describe the structure and function of each of the components (Dendrites, Cell Body, Nucleus, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Terminal Buttons) of the neuron. Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells. Most neurons have a cell body, an axon, and dendrites. The cell body contains the nucleus and cytoplasm. The axon extends from the cell body and often gives rise to many smaller branches before ending at nerve terminals. Dendrites extend from the neuron cell body and receive messages from other neurons. Synapses are the contact points where one neuron communicates with another. The dendrites are covered with synapses formed by the ends of axons from other neurons (BrainFacts, 2012). Describe the process of how neurons communicate with one another. When neurons receive or send messages, they transmit electrical impulses along their axons, which can range in length from a tiny fraction of an inch (or centimeter) to three feet (about one meter) or more. Many axons are covered with a layered myelin sheath, which accelerates the transmission of electrical signals along the axon. This sheath is made by specialized cells called glia. In the brain, the glia that make the sheath are called oligodendrocytes, and in the peripheral nervous system, they are known as Schwann cells (BrainFacts, 2012).

3 References BrainFacts, S. (2012). The neuron. BrainFacts.org. https://www.brainfacts.org/Brain-Anatomy- and-Function/Anatomy/2012/The-Neuron

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