cf_u01a1_basics_of_research_statistics

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4700

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Psychology

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Oct 30, 2023

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PSYC4700 - Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Week 1: Basics of Research and Statistics Complete the following problems within this Word document. (Do not submit other files.) Show your work for problem sets that require calculations. Ensure that your answer to each problem is clearly visible. (You may want to highlight your answer or use a different type color to set it apart.) Submit the document to your instructor by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. central time. Problem Set 1.1 : Identifying Variables (Dependent, Independent, Quasi- Independent) Criterion: Identify dependent and independent variables. Instructions: For the following list of examples, identify the dependent variable and independent (or quasi-independent) variable. 1. A researcher tests whether cocaine use increases impulsive behavior in a sample of cocaine- dependent and cocaine-inexperienced mice. Independent Variable: Cocaine use Quasi-Independent Variable: Dependent Variable: Implusisve behavior 2. A professor tests whether students perform better on a multiple-choice or fill-in-the-blank test format. Independent Variable: Formating of the tests Quasi-Independent Variable: ________ Dependent Variable: How the students do on the tests 3. A researcher tests whether smoking by parents influences children’s attitudes toward smoking status. Independent Variable: Quasi-Independent Variable: Parents smoking status Dependent Variable: Childrens attitude towards smoking 4. A social scientist tests whether attitudes toward morality differ based on political affiliation (Democrat or Republican). Independent Variable: Quasi-Independent Variable: Political affiliation Dependent Variable: Attitude toward morality 5. A cultural researcher tests whether individuals from different cultures share or differ in the belief that dreams have meaning. Independent Variable: ________ (Assignment continues on next page.) Quasi-Independent Variable: Different cultures 1

PSYC4700 - Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Dependent Variable: View on dreams Problem Set 1.2: Understanding Descriptive and Interferential Statistics Criterion: Explain data in a table. Instructions: Read the following and answer the question. Gun ownership in the United States . Data from Gallup polls over a 40-year period show how gun ownership in the United States has changed. The results are described in the table below, with the percentage of Americans who own guns given in each of 5 decades: Year % 197 2 43 198 2 42 199 2 48 200 2 40 201 2 43 Source: Reported at http://www.gallup.com/poll/1645/Guns.aspx 1. Are the percentages reported here an example of descriptive statistics or interferential statistics? Descriptive Statstics 2. Based on the percentages given in the table, how has gun ownership in the United States changed over the past 40 years? Ownership remained at 43% with some fluctuation inbetween. Problem Set 1.3 : Understanding Sample and Population Criterion: Describes the relationship between population and sample. Instructions: Read the following and answer the question. Height and educational attainment . Szklarska et al. (2007) hypothesized that taller young men are more likely to move up the scale of educational attainment compared with shorter individuals from the same social background. They recruited 91,373 19-year-old men to participate in the study. 2

PSYC4700 - Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences Do these participants most likely represent a sample or population? Explain. The participants represent a sample as there are only 91,373 people apart of the study and not all 19 year old men. (Assignment continues on next page.) Problem Set 1.4: Constants and Variables Criterion: Identify constants and variables. Instructions: Identify whether the following are constants or variables. 1. 8: Constant 2. −5: Constant 3. –x: Variable 4. y: Variable 5. 0: Constant 6. xy: Variable Problem Set 1.5: Create a Data Set for Use in JASP Criterion: Enter and display data for use in JASP. Data: Five social media users spent the following number of minutes viewing Twitter: 15.21, 46.18, 12.45, 65.486, 26.852. Instructions: Use the supplied data to complete the steps below. 1. Open Excel. 2. In cell A1, type Minutes . The variable of Minutes is continuous. 3. In cells A2-A6, enter the supplied data in the column labeled Minutes. 4. Save your data set as a .csv file 5. Open JASP. 6. In the sandwich menu, scroll down to OPEN, then select COMPUTER. Locate your .csv file and click it to open it. 7. Take a screenshot of your data in JASP and paste it below. 3

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