serotonin Discussion question

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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SEROTONIN Ashley Turner Spring Arbor University Week 4 Discussion Question

WHERE IS SEROTONIN FOUND IN THE BRAIN Serotonin is primarily found within the brain in specific clusters of cells called raphe nuclei, which are located in the brainstem. These nuclei are responsible for producing and distributing serotonin throughout the central nervous system. Additionally, serotonin is found in other areas of the brain, such as the hypothalamus and the limbic system, where it plays various roles in regulating mood, emotions, appetite, sleep, and other physiological functions.

THE NEURONAL PATHWAYS AND RECEPTORS Serotonin, or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), acts through multiple receptor types and is involved in various neuronal pathways in the brain. The neuronal pathways and receptors of serotonin are diverse and widespread throughout the central nervous system. Here are some key aspects: Receptors 1.5-HT1 Receptors: These are further subtypes (e.g., 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, 5- HT1D) and are involved in various functions such as: 1. Mood regulation 2. Anxiety 3. Sleep 4. Appetite

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DEFICIENCE IN DEPRESSION It has been proven that there are deficinenies and imbalances has been linked to depression. serotonin is involved in regulating mood, emotions, and behavior. Low levels of serotonin or abnormalities in its functioning within the brain can lead to disruptions in mood regulation, which may contribute to the development of depression and other mood disorders. it's important to note that the relationship between serotonin levels and depression is complex, and depression is a multifaceted condition influenced by various factors including genetics, environment, and psychological factors beyond neurotransmitter imbalances alone

DEPRESSION • Depression and Serotonin role has played a major part in neuroscience and psychiatry. It is not always the major factor. Many times it deals with mood and emotions. • Research as suggested that the decrease in serotonin levels This suggests that a decrease in serotonin levels or impaired serotonin transmission in certain brain regions is linked to depressive symptoms. Low serotonin levels might affect mood regulation, leading to feelings of sadness, lack of pleasure, or other symptoms associated with depression. • Other studies show that genetic and biological factors to depression related to serotonin system genes. Additionally, changes in serotonin receptors or transporters have been found in individuals experiencing depressive episodes.

REFERENCES • Denis, A., & Luminet, O. (2018). Cognitive factors and post-partum depression: what is the influence of general personality traits, rumination, maternal self- esteem, and alexithymia? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy , 25 (2), 359–367. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2168 • Dhami, P., Atluri, S., Lee, J., Knyahnytska, Y., Croarkin, P. E., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, Z. J., & Farzan, F. (2021). Neurophysiological markers of response to theta burst stimulation in youth depression. Depression and Anxiety, 38(2), 172–184. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23100 • Salvador, J. G., Bonham, C. A., Duran, D. K., & Crisanti, A. S. (2020). Impact of seeking safety dose on depression and ptsd symptoms among pregnant and post-partum women. Journal of Child and Family Studies , 29 (8), 2146–2154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-020- 01747-9 • Smit, D., Vrijsen, J. N., Groeneweg, B., Vellinga-Dings, A., Peelen, J., & Spijker, J. (2021). A newly developed online peer support community for depression (depression connect): qualitative study. Journal of Medical Internet Research , 23 (7), 25917. https://doi.org/10.2196/25917 • Watkins, K. E., Burnam, M. A., Orlando, M., Escarce José J, Huskamp, H. A., & Goldman, H. H. (2009). The health value and cost of care for major depression. Value in Health , 12 (1), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00388.x

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