PSY2022_W1_Project_Revised_ Baker_Ashley

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Feb 20, 2024

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Week 1 Project Revised Ashley Baker South University Human Growth & Development Professor: Dr. Jacqueline Julien Due: January 15, 2024 Sigmund Freud, Erik Erikson, and Jean Piaget are three of the most prominent psychologists who have contributed to the field of human development. Each of these theorists has proposed a unique perspective on the process of human development, highlighting different areas of focus and stages of development. Freud's theory of psychosexual development posits that human development occurs in five stages, each with a focus on a different erogenous zone. According to Freud, successful completion of each stage is critical to healthy psychological development and results in a healthy personality. However, failure to resolve conflicts at each stage can lead to psychological issues later in life. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, on the other hand, outlines eight stages of development, each characterized by a different psychosocial crisis that must be resolved to achieve healthy development. These stages range from infancy to old age and emphasize the importance of social and cultural factors in shaping an individual's development. Piaget's theory of cognitive development, meanwhile, emphasizes four stages of development, each characterized by a unique way of thinking. Piaget believed that children actively construct their understanding of the world through interactions with their environment and that cognitive development is a complex process that unfolds over time. Despite the significant contributions of these theories to our understanding of human development, there is growing concern about the limitations of their perspectives. Freud's theory has been criticized for its narrow focus on biological and sexual aspects of development, with

little attention given to cultural and environmental factors. Erikson's theory, while more inclusive of social factors, has been criticized for its male-centered perspective and limited consideration of race, gender, and other areas of diversity. Similarly, Piaget's theory has been criticized for its assumption of universal cognitive development, with little attention given to cultural differences. In conclusion, while these early theories of human development have had a significant impact on our understanding of the process, it is important to recognize their limitations and the need for more inclusive and culturally sensitive perspectives. Reference: Lantz SE, Ray S. Freud Developmental Theory. [Updated 2022 Dec 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557526/ Orenstein GA, Lewis L. Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development. [Updated 2022 Nov 7]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556096/ Main, P (2021, June 11). Jean Piagets theory of Cognitive Development. Retrieved from https://www.structural-learning.com/post/jean-piagets-theory-of-cognitive-development-and- active-classrooms

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