PSYC3510_Workshop2

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PSYC 3510 Workshop 2 Chapter 4: “Let’s Get Ethical” Purpose Knowledge : After completing this workshop, you will:  Know the main points and findings of the Stanford Prison experiment, conducted by Philip Zimbardo in 1973  Understand the APA Ethics Principles and how they relate to psychological research Skills: In this workshop, you will focus on building skills in:  Identifying ethical considerations and violations in psychological research  Redesigning an experiment to minimize ethical violations  Writing about scientific research Activity – the Stanford Prison experiment In Workshop 2, we’ll read about a classic psychological study, the Stanford Prison experiment. Then, we’ll practice some of our Chapter 3 skills in identifying claims and assessing validity. Finally, we’ll get into the meat of the ethics debate – how would this study hold up to the IRB today? Read Hock, R. R. (1995). “Reading 37: A Prison by Any Other Name”. In Forty studies that changed psychology: Explorations into the history of psychological research (pp. 287-294). Prentice-Hall, Inc. ^ (available in module as PDF)

PSYC 3510 Workshop 2 Chapter 4: “Let’s Get Ethical” Name: Hafsah Mohammed Part 1. Identifying claims Let’s summarize the claims being made by Phillip Zimbardo in the Stanford Prison experiment. a) First, what were the variables in the study? Give one independent variable and one dependent variable. The independent variable are the roles assigned to the college students, guards or prisoners . The dependent variable is the results of the study, the personality and behavioral changes that occurred in the ‘guards’ and ‘prisoners.’ b) For each of your two variables above, identify if they were manipulated or measured variables. The roles assigned (independent variable) is a manipulated variable. The result of the study is the measured variable. c) How did Zimbardo claim that the two variables are related? What type of claim is this (hint – use your variables)? (Frequency, Association, or Causal) This is an association claim. The role the college students were given impacted their behavior and personality, because the roles they were given, either prisoner or guard, made them act a certain way. d) Finally, which type of validity should Zimbardo have been most concerned with, external or internal validity? Why? Zimbardo should’ve been most concerned with external validity because we don’t know how the results of this study will impact or be applied to the in real life prisoners and issues they go through.

PSYC 3510 Workshop 2 Chapter 4: “Let’s Get Ethical” Part 2. Considering the ethics of the Stanford Prison study Using what we learned in Chapter 4, let’s discuss the ethical considerations of the Stanford Prison study. Pretend that you are a sitting member of a committee at Stanford University, and Philip Zimbardo has submitted a new proposal to study how environment affects behavior, a proposal that will become the Stanford Prison Experiment. Your job is to assess if the proposal meets the APA Ethical standards. a) What committee are you probably a part of at Stanford (hint – refresh your memory on p. 100)? An institutional review board also known as an IRB, and the committee is responsible for interpreting ethical principles and making sure that research involving human participants is conducted ethically. b) What does the Stanford Prison experiment do RIGHT in terms of ethical considerations? Give one example. Something that was done right for the prison experiment was that Zimbardo called off the experiment within less than a week after it started when he quickly realized that the participants were responding in concerning, alarming ways. c) In your opinion, which APA Ethics principle are you most concerned about in this study? Why? A principle I was concerned about as I was reading through this study was respect for people’s rights and dignity. The reason for this was because of the way the ‘prisoners’ were being treated in the study, although the participants were informed beforehand of what would occur, based on the participants section of the study, the violations and harm that occurred on the prisoners was described as something ‘they may experience.’ Based on that and reading fully through the study, and reading through the physical and mental abuses the prisoners faced, I don’t think the participants, especially the prisoners, were taken into consideration.

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PSYC 3510 Workshop 2 Chapter 4: “Let’s Get Ethical” d) What recommendations might you make to Philip Zimbardo to make his study more ethically sound? (How do your recommendations relate to the principles of the Belmont Report or APA?) A recommendation I might make would be to fully take the participants feelings and well-being into consideration while designing the study. Since this is such a delicate experiment and can have serious impact on the participants, it is important to make sure they have the right information and resources.

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