PSC7101 Week 14 Application Analysis Who needs friends

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1 PSC7101 Week 14 Application Analysis: Who needs friends? Mario Buonopane College of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Wilmington University PSC7101 Human Development & Prevention Science Dr. Kecia L. Watson, Ph.D., M.S, CFLE, CPC November 28, 2023

2 How social support impacts cognitive and physical health/functioning. Two potential avenues for intervention in each of the identified areas. Social supports impact cognitive and physical health and functioning in the older population. According to studies, higher levels of support positively benefited older individuals when received from family and friends. Older adults receiving higher levels of support experienced reduced loneliness and improved well-being. (Chen & Feeley, 2013) Furthermore, the study concluded that loneliness directly correlates to psychological well-being. Because old age is accompanied by diminished physical and cognitive abilities and a loss of a social network, older adults require more assistance, feel higher amounts of stress or strain, and feel lonely or isolated. Says the study: “ loneliness has a unique and detrimental effect on physical and psychological health,” (Chen & Feeley, 2013). One potential avenue of intervention is the implementation of a peer group. A great intervention for older adults experiencing loneliness and isolation is community and support groups. Here, individuals can interact with peers to acquire friendship and support. “ Creating more age-friendly communities by improving access to transportation and information and communication technologies can also help reduce social isolation and loneliness,” (Reducing, n.d.). Policies are in place to police marginalization and discrimination, creating greater social connections. The World Health Organization suggests developing guidance on implementing effective interventions to reduce social isolation and loneliness, improving research and strengthening

3 evidence, and creating coalitions to increase the political priority of social isolation and loneliness for older adults. (Reducing, n.d.) However, that said, many studies argue that no one intervention works for every individual, of course, and that interventions should be differentiated and individualized. “The individuality of the experience of loneliness and isolation may cause difficulty in the delivery of standardized interventions. There is no one-size-fits-all approach to addressing loneliness or social isolation, and hence the need to tailor interventions to suit the needs of individuals, specific groups or the degree of loneliness experienced,” (Fakoya et al., 2020). It is for this reason that an ever-evolving, differentiated approach should also be implemented. Because of the direct link between loneliness and social isolation and health issues, such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, obesity, depression, substance abuse, suicide, cognitive decline, dementia, stroke, etc., loneliness is a risk factor for nursing home admission. (Reducing, n.d.) To offer an alternative to admission to a nursing facility, an at-home visiting nurse program could be used to maintain the individual’s freedom and independence while offering medical services and friendly company. Home visitation, according to one study, provided direct support, but failed to curtail isolation and loneliness. The study suggested that home visits should be coupled with individualized counseling. (Interventions, n.d.)

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4 Conclusion To help provide intervention services for older adults suffering from loneliness and isolation, which can negatively affect cognitive and physical health and functioning, two prevention methods could be employed. Firstly, an age-appropriate community support group should be initiated to help alleviate isolation and grow social networks. Secondly, an at-home nursing and counseling program should be utilized to provide mental and physical health supports.

5 References: Chen, Y., & Feeley, T. H. (2013). Social Support, social strain, loneliness, and well-being among older adults. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships , 31 (2), 141–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407513488728 Fakoya, O. A., McCorry, N. K., & Donnelly, M. (2020). Loneliness and social isolation interventions for older adults: A scoping review of reviews. BMC Public Health , 20 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8251-6 Interventions for loneliness and social isolation - university of york. (n.d.). https://www.york.ac.uk/media/crd/Loneliness%20and%20social%20isolation.pdf Reducing social isolation and loneliness among older people. (n.d.). https://www.who.int/activities/reducing-social-isolation-and-loneliness-among-older- people

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