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Extinction Mandy Huggins School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Capella University PSY7708 Basic Foundations in Applied Behavior Analysis Danielle Bratton Due Date here in 12/10/202

Overview This paper will examine extinction and how it is used in applied behavioral analysis. We will also apply an extinction and how to use it in three hypothetical situations. (Cooper et al., 2020). We will also discuss other aspects to consider when using extinction and how it can have some cons to consider when thinking about extinction (Cooper et al., 2020). Extinction First, let us review what extinction is and how it works. Extinction is when a person withholds something that was once previously reinforced, thus creating a zero probability of getting reinforced for a behavior (Cooper et al., 2020). The result is that the behavior will decrease as time goes on. (Cooper et al., 2020) In other words, extinction equates to a lack of reinforcement instead of getting something good to strengthen the behavior or adding something to or taking away to increase the behavior (Miltenberger, 2023). We are deleting the chance for reinforcement entirely from a person's environment. Now, there is also a difference between extinction and punishment, and to place it very simply, with punishment, we remove in most cases, whereas with extinction, we do not budge (Cooper et al., 2020). Moving forward, there are some things to consider when looking into extinction. Three things to consider when using it are spontaneous recovery, an extinction burst, and resistance to extinction (Cooper et al., 2020). In most cases, you will encounter an extinction burst when using extinction. When it occurs, you will see every behavior your client has ever had and the possible emergence of new behaviors (Miltenberger, 2023). The next one we are going to look at is the one called resistance to extinction. Extinction may not be able to be implemented into a client treatment plan should your client be resistant to extinction, and this can happen especially in clients who have had intermittent schedules of reinforcement in their plan. A variable

reinforcement schedule can be a factor in being resistant to extinction (Cooper et al., 2020). The last term we are going to learn about is spontaneous recovery; this can happen at any time and can often occur in staff that was not trained on a specific behavior plan enough and reinforce a behavior that was already placed on extinction (Cooper et al., 2020) (Miltenberger, 2023). Real-world hypothetical scenarios We will begin by looking into placing some extinction into scenarios using their antecedent behavior and consequence. Antecedent: Timmy previously wanted ice cream at Mcdonald's; he had to scream, and his mom would give him some. Behavior: Timmy begins to scream, and she responds with the word no. Timmy begins to scream, and he drops himself to the ground. Consequence: Mom does not give Timmy any ice cream, and they leave McDonald's. Mom placed the behavior of screaming for access to tangibles on extinction (Cooper et al., 2020) (Miltenberger, 2023). Antecedent: Jonah wants his dad's attention, so he begins to jump at him because this was reinforced in the past. Behavior Jonah is not jumping around his dad and is being ignored, and Jonah's maladaptive behaviors begin to accelerate. Consequence: Jonah's dad ignores and blocks him, giving him no attention for a previously reinforced behavior (Cooper et al., 2020) (Miltenberger, 2023). Antecedent: The next one we have is Ruby, and she loves to escape task demands. Behavior: When in class, Ruby will scream and run away when the teacher places out worksheets or activities. This behavior has been reinforced in the past, and Ruby often got out of work. Consequence: Today, Ruby was not permitted to leave the area, and escape extinction was implemented for Ruby (Cooper et al., 2020) (Miltenberger, 2023). Conclusion

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In this paper, we looked at the ways we could perceive extinction. In our scenarios, we found or identified three different functions of behavior we wanted to be placed on extinction. By having a behavior of something that we needed to decrease and eliminate, we learned that we could use extinction to achieve that goal by removing the reinforcement of that behavior, which concludes the paper on extinction (Miltenberger et al., 2023). References

Bailey, J. S., & Burch, M. R. (2016). Ethics for behavior analysts (3rd ed.) . Routledge. Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2019). Applied Behavior Analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9780134798783 Miltenberger, R. G. (2023). Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures (7th ed.). Cengage Learning US. https://capella.vitalsource.com/books/9780357796443

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