PSYCH 414-8

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University of Wisconsin, Madison *

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414

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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PSYCH 414-8 What are the steps of RBC? 1. Recognize components 2. Establish spatial relationships to one another -where features are in space compared to one another can change how we view them What do RBC and FIT draw from? Gestalt psychologists ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... vs ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... (two) (one) What theory explains this? NOT RBC or FIT! Gestalt Psychology What are the gestalt principles? (4) Proximity Similarity Completion Symmetry What was the goal of Gestalt psychology? To discover the rules by which the perceptual system tends to organize or group components of a scene into a visual "gestalt" or whole Bottom-up processing Processing that allows you to detect/extract features that are actually "in the input" (take the world and piece it together) Top-down processing Organization that your mind puts on the input (our beliefs/mental state) change what we see Does perception use TD processing or BU? Both! What are the 3 aspects of attention? 1. Selectivity 2. Capacity limitations 3. Sustained mental effort Selectivity (attention) Only aware of a subset of stimuli (e.g. selective attention)

Capacity limitations limited ability to handle different tasks or stimuli at once (divided attention) Sustained mental effort limited ability to engage in protracted thought, especially on the same subject (vigilance) Dichotic listening Different stimulus presented to each ear What is "shadowing" in dichotic listening? Repeating everything said in that ear What are the two things that subjects remembered in dichotic listening? -There was another voice talking in the other ear -Whether that voice was female or male What are the steps of the Early Selection Theory? Input-->Detection-->FILTER-->Recognition What did the filter in early selection theory let through? Stimuli with certain basic features (e.g. pitch, location, size, etc...) cocktail party effect ability to attend to only one voice among many What does the cocktail party effect show? -Attention is not completely internally controlled -Unattended messages are at least partly processed for meaning What is exogenous attention? Something captures your attention without your control or intent What is endogenous attention? You willfully direct your attention to something. What are the steps of the Late Selection Theory? Input --> Detection --> Recognition --> FILTER What are the steps of Treisman's Model of Attention? Input--Attenuator-->Attended/Unattended -->Dictionary Unit Attenuator (Treisman) "volume knob" for how much you attend to the info Dictionary Unit (Treisman) Mental Dictionary (i.e. recognition) What does Treisman's theory seem tailored to?

Auditory recognition Spatial attention attending to items in space (visually) Posner's Theory of Spatial Attention You can "selectively" attend to a contiguous(continuous) region of space so that stimulus events appearing in that region are more likely to be noticed/processed/remembered What is the spotlight theory? Posner's theory of spatial attention Erickson Flanker Task Task-relevant flankers are harder to ignore when they get closer to the target

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