PSY 510 SPSS Assignment 4 - Kacey Boston

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Southern New Hampshire University *

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510

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Psychology

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Uploaded by ElderAtomApe37

PSY 510 SPSS Assignment 4 Before you begin the assignment:  Review the video tutorial in the Module Eight resources for an overview of comparing means in SPSS.  Download and open the Food Consumption SPSS data set. To submit your assignment:  The best way to paste your output into the Assignment document is to do the following: o Select Copy when copying from the SPSS output. o To paste in Word, your document must be open within the VDI. Use a shared drive (such as OneDrive) or access your learning environment within the virtual desktop to download this document. o Select Paste and then resize the image to fit the screen in Word. An overview of the data set: The results of a hypothetical experiment are in the data set. The experiment examined dieting, food consumption, and mood. In session one , participants ate at a popular restaurant. Researchers measured the amount of food eaten and their mood. Those results are recorded as consumption1 and mood1 variables. One week later, in session two , participants again ate at the restaurant while watching a funny movie. Researchers measured the amount of food eaten and their mood. Those results are consumption2 and mood2 variables. Participants’ body image and self-esteem were also measured. The variables :  Subnum: The ID number of each participant  Dietingstatus: Participants who were not dieting were coded as 1; those who were dieting were coded as 2.  Consumption1: The amount of food (in ounces) eaten in session 1  Consumption2: The amount of food (in ounces) eaten in session 2  Mood1: Participants’ mood at time 1; scale ranged from 1 (negative mood) to 10 (positive mood)  Mood2: Participants’ mood at time 2; scale ranged from 1 (negative mood) to 10 (positive mood)  Bodyimage: Participants’ self-reported body satisfaction on a scale ranged 25 (dissatisfied) to 50 (satisfied)  Selfesteem: Participants’ self-esteem rating on a scale from 15 (low self-esteem) to 30 (high self- esteem) Questions: To complete this assignment, replace the bracketed text with the relevant information. 1a) Run a means test to compare the means of dieters and non-dieters on the bodyimage and selfesteem variables.

Move bodyimage and selfesteem to the Dependent list and dietingstatus to Layer 1 of 1. Report

dietingstatus bodyimage selfesteem not dieting Mean 41.9333 23.8667 N 15 15 Std. Deviation 3.97252 2.92445 dieting Mean 38.0667 22.0000 N 15 15 Std. Deviation 4.30061 3.04725 Total Mean 40.0000 22.9333 N 30 30 Std. Deviation 4.51816 3.08426 1b) From the Report output, describe the difference in the means between bodyimage and dietingstatus. Describe the difference in means between selfesteem and dietingstatus. The bodyimage score for the not dieting group has a higher mean than the dieting group. The selfesteem score for the not dieting group also has a higher mean than the dieting group. This could mean that people that don’t diet tend to have better relationships with body image and self esteem. 2a) To explore the relationship between bodyimage and dietingstatus and selfesteem and dietingstatus, use an independent samples t-test because you have two unrelated groups (dieting and non-dieting). Select Analyze, then Compare Means, then Independent-Samples T Test.

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In the Independent-Samples T Test window, bodyimage and selfesteem are Test Variables. The grouping variable is dietingstatus; non-dieting is defined as 1 and dieting is defined as 2. Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F Sig. t df Significance One-Sided p Two- Sided p

bodyima ge Equal variances assumed .026 .874 2.558 28 .008 .016 Equal variances not assumed 2.558 27.826 .008 .016 selfeste em Equal variances assumed .041 .841 1.712 28 .049 .098 Equal variances not assumed 1.712 27.953 .049 .098 Significance Mean Difference One-Sided p Two-Sided p .008 .016 3.86667 .008 .016 3.86667 .049 .098 1.86667 .049 .098 1.86667 Std. Error Difference 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper 1.51165 .77020 6.96314 1.51165 .76932 6.96401 1.09051 -.36714 4.10047 1.09051 -.36731 4.10064 2b) Review the Independent Samples Test output. Look at the Sig. (2-tailed) column to decide the level of statistical significance.  Is there significance with either variable?  Explain how to determine statistical significance.  Discuss your conclusion about the relationship between dieting status on bodyimage and selfesteem. The p-value, also known as Sig., is used to determine statistical significance. Typically, a p-value velow 0.05 suggests statistical signififcance. For the relationship between nondieting and bodyimage, the p-value is 0.874, meaning there is no statistical signififcance. The relationship between dieting and bodyimage has a p-value of 0, meaning there is statistical signififcance. The relationship between selfesteem and dieting/nondieting is 0, indicating statistical significance. 3a) Calculate the means for consumption1, consumption2, mood1, and mood2. Select Descriptive Statistics, then Descriptives.

Enter consumption1, consumption2, mood1, and mood2 into Variables. Descriptive Statistics N Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation consumption1 30 9.00 29.00 16.7667 3.94517 consumption2 30 11.00 34.00 19.8667 5.09045 mood1 30 2.00 9.00 5.5000 2.04686 mood2 30 4.00 10.00 6.5667 1.77499 Valid N (listwise) 30

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3b) From the Descriptive Statistics output, discuss the means from session one and session two on the variables consumption and mood. Between sessions 1 & 2, there is an increase in consumption score, which could indicate a rise in consumption levels over the two sessions. There was an increase in mood scores in session 2, which could indicate an improvement in mood across sessions. 3c) Select Analyze , then Compare Means , then Paired-Samples T Test . Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 consumption1 - consumption2 -3.10000 3.32545 .60714 -4.34174 -1.85826 Pair 2 mood1 - mood2 -1.06667 1.50707 .27515 -1.62942 -.50392 t df Significance One-Sided p Two-Sided p -5.106 29 <.001 <.001 -3.877 29 <.001 <.001 3d) From the Paired Samples Test output, locate the Sig. (2-tailed) column.  What do the p values tell you about the data?  Are the findings statistically significant?  Discuss your conclusions about session 1 and session 2 consumption and mood variables. The p-valyes for both variables are less than 0.001, indicating statistical significance. This could mean there are significant differences between session 1 and 2 for both variables. 4a) Create a research hypothesis unrelated to the Food Consumption data that could use a paired samples t-test for analysis (one group measured twice). Describe and identify your variables (IV and DV). Hypothesis: If communication frequency and transparency with a candidate during the hiring process are Infrequent and non-transparent (Independent Variables, x), then there will be a positive correlation with a decline in candidate retention over time (Dependent Variable, y). In this instance, you could test can candidate retention and attrition rates before and after implementing frequent and transparent communication. 4b) Create data for your variables from at least 10 participants and develop a data set. Run a paired samples t-test. Paired Samples Test Paired Differences t Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 Candidates Active in Hiring Process by Stage - Candidates Active in Hiring Process by Stage -6.46667 1.18723 .30654 -7.12413 -5.80920 -21.096

Pair 2 Candidate Attrition / Candidates that Withdrew from Hiring Process by Stage - Candidate Attrition / Candidates that Withdrew from Hiring Process by Stage 2.46667 1.18723 .30654 1.80920 3.12413 8.047 t df Significance One-Sided p Two-Sided p -21.096 14 <.001 <.001 8.047 14 <.001 <.001 4c) Discuss your output. Was there statistical significance? Explain the findings. Candidate Retention 1 & 2, as well as Candidate Attrition 1 & 2 both have p-values that are less than 0.001. This means there is statistical signififcance and there is a difference between both phases for both variables, infact there was an improvement in attrition and retention in the second phase when compared to the first phase.

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