Developmental Crisis DRAFT

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Kenyatta University *

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Psychology

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Nov 24, 2024

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Discussion #1 Adolescent Development and Risk-Taking Behavior: Hunter Crane’s Case Hunter Crane, a 14-year-old boy, is facing many developmental crises that are interfering with his functioning. Inconsistencies, disputes, or disorganization in one's life experience might interfere with the development of narrative identity and prompt adolescent personality disorders (Shiner et al., 2021). First is the problem of identity versus role confusion. The effort to create a sense of self is at the center of Hunter's integral developmental crisis, reflected in his reduced interest in and passion for disciplines other than art. Hunter's identity issue reflects his lack of interest in academic subjects and poor academic performance. Hunter is also facing an industry versus inferiority crisis. Hunter's lack of drive and dropping grades suggest impressions of inferiority in academic success. Hunter's risky conduct comprises missing school, avoiding homework, and having negative impressions about people. While Hunter's risk-taking tendencies are alarming, one protective factor—his interest in art classes—might be affecting his performance. Hunter experiences a sense of success and purpose when creating art. Ferrer-Wreder and Kroger (2019) suggest that identity development is a social process impacted by interactions with others, including parents, peers, and cultural settings. Hunter's risk-taking behavior and developmental struggles hugely affect him and his family. These actions and crises add to Hunter's emotions of dissatisfaction, school disengagement, and low self-esteem. Hunter's dropping grades may also contribute to a lower sense of self-worth and belief in his capabilities. Hunter's actions and difficulties bother and alarm his family, who observe his drop in academic performance, absences from class, and hostile temperament. The family dynamics may become intense and strained as a result, as they struggle with how to assist Hunter and support him when he faces difficulties. References Ferrer-Wreder, L., & Kroger, J. (2019). Identity in Adolescence, 4e: The Balance between Self and Other . Routledge. Shiner, R. L., Klimstra, T. A., Denissen, J. J., & See, A. Y. (2021). The development of narrative identity and the emergence of personality disorders in adolescence. Current Opinion in Psychology , 37 , 49-53.

Discussion #2 Holland's Theory of Personality-Environment Types: Setting Developmentally-Supportive Goals for Olivia Crane (F, 19 years) Olivia Crane, a 19-year-old female, is battling various presenting concerns that may have developmental consequences. Her struggles with making friends at school, lack of social relationships, and depressive symptoms point to issues connecting with others and feeling a part of anything. Further, unsettled family issues may cause her a dismal impression of college, academic difficulties, and a lack of interest in intimacy. Holland's Theory of Personality- Environment Types helps shed light on these issues. Olivia's growth stage shows a probable mismatch between her personality type and the collegiate setting. Holland’s theory suggests that people are most suitable for certain fields and work environments depending on their personality types (Rocconi et al., 2020). Her portrayal of others as snobbish and exclusively concerned with partying implies a misalignment with her principles and interests. Olivia's displeasure with her lecturers and sense of academic inadequacy reflect an inconsistency between her personality attributes and the expectations of her learning environment. Creating an alliance with Olivia and encouraging involvement in the counseling process requires a safe and encouraging setting. The counselor must pay close attention to Olivia, validate her feelings, and show compassion for her problems. Establishing trust through an impartial approach will help Olivia feel free and engage fully in therapy process. In Olivia's quest for growth and self-understanding, developing a collaborative partnership where she feels respected and understood is crucial. Developmentally-supportive objectives for Olivia may include investigating alternate educational environments or employment opportunities suited to her unique personality. Holland asserts that people will be most content and successful in occupations that meet their dominant personality kinds (Lathifa & Yusuf, 2021). For instance, helping Olivia identify her primary personality characteristics and interests, doing career evaluations to match her talents with potential professions, and motivating her to seek other academic and extracurricular activities that align with her beliefs. Her mental health and personal development may also depend on how she handles her family background and the effects of her absent parents. References Lathifa, A., & Yusuf, A. M. (2021). HOLLAND'S THEORY APPROACH IN CAREER GUIDANCE SERVICES IN SCHOOLS: Array. Literasi Nusantara , 1 (3), 99-108. Rocconi, L. M., Liu, X., & Pike, G. R. (2020). The impact of person-environment fit on grades, perceived gains, and satisfaction: an application of Holland’s theory. Higher Education , 80 , 857- 874.

Discussion #3 Exploring Developmental Challenges and Counseling Goals for Carol Crane (F, 45 years) Carol Crane, a 45-year-old lady, experiences numerous developmental issues. Her recent drunk driving offenses and therapy mandated by the court suggest that she may struggle with alcohol usage and face legal repercussions. Carol's refusal to admit she has a drinking problem whilst enduring the effects raises the possibility of a limitation to self-awareness and transformation. Her disturbed sleep habits, loneliness, and dependence on alcohol as a coping technique point to possible emotional and social difficulties. Carol's inability to maintain healthy love relationships and her discontentment with her career demonstrates her struggles with happiness and fulfillment in life. The first possible counseling approach may be to fix her alcohol usage and build healthier coping methods. The effort would entail assisting Carol in understanding her attachment to alcohol, examining the root causes, and adopting other stress-reduction and emotional wellness practices. The capacity to effectively navigate the identity vs. role confusion dilemma at a young age significantly affects psychosocial development throughout adulthood (Mitchell et al., 2021). Second is reestablishing individual ambitions and pursuing valuable goals. This objective would entail supporting Carol reclaim her love of writing, integrating her interests into her present life, and developing a sense of meaning and satisfaction outside her previous responsibilities as a single parent and provider.

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