PSYC 1504 Written Assignment Unit 7

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Written Assignment Unit 7 Written Assignment Unit 7 University of the People Title: Pretreatment Pupillary Reactivity and rTMS Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder PSYC 1502: Introduction to Psychology Nefretiti Morant, Instructor 22 nd October, 2023

Written Assignment Unit 7 Title: Pretreatment Pupillary Reactivity and rTMS Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder The study I chased by Citrenbaum et al. (2023) investigates the correlation between pretreatment pupillary reactivity and the outcomes of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). This research holds profound implications for the field of psychology, particularly within the realms of "Personality and Culture," "Social Influence," and "Neurobiology," offering a multi-dimensional view of how pretreatment pupillary reactivity may influence MDD treatment success. Abstract This paper examines the recent study by Cole Citrenbaum et al. (2023) exploring the association between pretreatment pupillary reactivity and the outcome of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) treatment for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The research investigates the potential of pre-treatment pupillary reactivity as a predictive biomarker for clinical improvement in MDD patients undergoing rTMS. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of the study, including its participants, key findings, and limitations. Additionally, it connects these findings to pivotal psychological concepts, emphasizing the significance of "Personality and Culture," "Social Influence," and "Neurobiology," allowing for a comprehensive understanding of the implications for individuals and society. Introduction Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a widespread and debilitating mental health condition affecting millions of individuals across the globe. The quest for effective treatments and

Written Assignment Unit 7 predictive biomarkers for treatment outcomes is of paramount importance. This paper reviews the study by Citrenbaum et al. (2023), which delves into the potential relationship between pretreatment pupillary reactivity and the success of rTMS treatment for MDD. Study Description Citrenbaum and colleagues (2023) conducted a meticulous examination of 51 MDD patients undergoing rTMS treatment. The primary outcome measure entailed the percentage change in the 30-item Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Rated (IDS-SR) score from baseline to treatment 30. The study explored the intricate relationship between the pupillary light reflex (PLR) and the outcomes of rTMS treatment, with a specific focus on pupillary constriction amplitude (CA) before the initiation of treatment. Findings The study found that rTMS treatment resulted in significant clinical improvements among MDD patients. The most remarkable discovery was the significant correlation between baseline pupillary constriction amplitude (CA) and clinical improvement during the course of rTMS treatment (R = 0.41, p = 0.003). These findings suggest that individuals with greater pupillary constriction amplitude prior to treatment were more likely to experience enhanced clinical outcomes with rTMS. Conclusion Citrenbaum et al.'s (2023) research has illuminated the potential of pretreatment pupillary reactivity as a predictive biomarker for the success of rTMS treatment in MDD patients. This

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Written Assignment Unit 7 finding holds the promise of revolutionizing MDD treatment strategies, making them more personalized and effective. Personality and Culture - Social Influence Chapter 11 unit 6 Opinion and Societal Implications The study's findings bear substantial significance for both the field of psychology and society at large. Identifying a potential biomarker for rTMS success can pave the way for more precise and efficient treatment approaches. This not only improves the quality of life for individuals with MDD but also reduces the burden on healthcare systems and economies strained by ineffective treatments. From a psychological perspective, this study resonates profoundly with the concepts of "Personality and Culture," "Social Influence," and "Neurobiology." The study recognizes that personality traits, emotional reactivity, and responsiveness to treatment are integral aspects of how individuals experience and cope with MDD. Moreover, it acknowledges the influence of societal and cultural factors, which can profoundly impact individuals' well-being and recovery. The integration of biomarkers, such as pupillary reactivity, into the treatment process is a testament to the dynamic nature of neurobiology in shaping individual experiences and treatment outcomes. These insights underscore the importance of a comprehensive approach to understanding MDD and its treatment, encapsulated by the notion of "Person-Environment Interaction" (OpenStax College, 2017). Limitations Despite the promising nature of the findings, it is essential to acknowledge the study's limitations. The study featured a limited number of subjects who received heterogeneous

Written Assignment Unit 7 treatment protocols, with nearly all patients concurrently using psychotropic medications during rTMS treatment. This diversity in treatment approaches and medication regimens could introduce confounding variables that may impact the study's results. Therefore, further research with a larger and more controlled sample is warranted to validate the findings effectively (OpenStax College, 2017). Conclusion, The study by Citrenbaum et al. (2023) sheds light on the potential of pretreatment pupillary reactivity as a predictive biomarker for rTMS treatment outcomes in MDD patients. The findings offer hope for more personalized and effective treatments, which is especially critical in the context of major depressive disorder. Integrating psychological concepts such as Personality and Culture and Social Influence into the study's framework allows us to understand its broader implications for individuals and society. While limitations exist, this research represents a significant step forward in the quest for more effective mental health treatments.

Written Assignment Unit 7 References Citrenbaum, C., Corlier, J., Ngo, D., Vince-Cruz, N., Wilson, A., Wilke, S., Krantz, D., Tadayonnejad, R., Ginder, N., Levitt, J., Lee, J. H., Strouse, T., Corse, A., Vyas, P., & Leuchter, A. F. (2023). Pretreatment Pupillary Reactivity is Associated with Outcome of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders , 339, 412-417. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.008. OpenStax College (2017). Psychology . Houston, TX: Rice University.

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