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1 Memory Structure and Processes Author name Institutional affiliation Course number and name Instructor name Assignment due date

2 Memory Structure and Processes Memory is a fundamental cognitive process, and understanding the structure and processes of memory is a key research topic in cognitive psychology. The memory structure is how memories are organized in the brain, and processes are the underlying mechanisms that affect how memories are encoded, stored, and retrieved. This research topic encompasses neuroscience, psychology, and computer science research and has far-reaching implications for understanding how humans learn and remember. This research aims to explore how memory structure and processes, as studied through theories, processes, and methodologies, are impacted by variables such as novelty, prior knowledge, and contextual factors while using online gaming as a cultural context and how these variables shape how humans think, remember, and communicate. The topic of memory structure and processes is highly relevant to the content covered in this course, as it is an essential component of cognition and language. Memory is the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information from the environment, and it is the foundation upon which cognitive processes and terminology are based. McBride and Cutting (2018) claim that memory structure and processes are essential to cognitive psychology and can be studied through theoretical, process, and methodological approaches. They explain that memory comprises different components, including encoding, storage, and retrieval and that various factors influence each component. Additionally, they discuss how memory processes are related to other cognitive functions, such as attention and learning. They provide a comprehensive overview of the relevant research and evidence to help readers better understand memory structure and processes.

3 Consequently, argue that a combination of novelty, prior knowledge, and contextual factors influences memory processes. They suggest that memory is not a static structure but dynamic and can be altered by experience (Fernandez and Morris, 2018). They further indicate that memory is influenced by the context in which it is acquired and maintained and that any changes are mediated by the processes involved in encoding, storage, and retrieval. Furthermore, Cowan et al. (2021) research claims that memory consolidation is an adaptive process that the individual's environment and experiences can shape. According to their study, the process of memory consolidation is necessary for the integration of new information into existing knowledge and the re-organization of memories. This process is also seen as beneficial for aiding in maintaining long-term memories. A cultural context considered in the scenario is online gaming which is increasingly popular, with people of all ages and backgrounds enjoying the immersive and interactive nature of the experience. This has led to various gaming systems, from those that require a console to play to those that exist entirely online. As technologies evolve, so do the online gaming experiences available. To examine how the variables between systems and components of systems influence human cognition and language in the context of online gaming, one can look at how the different gaming systems shape how players think, remember, and communicate. For example, the structure of a game's rules and mechanics can shape how players interact with the game and its content. For example, the rule-based structure of a turn-based strategy game may encourage the development of long-term strategic thinking. In contrast, a fast-paced first-person shooter may encourage quick decision-making and reflexes. Additionally, certain games may require players

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4 to remember specific information or commands to succeed, such as a successful poker player needing to remember which cards have been played in a round. Another variable between systems and components of systems that influences human cognition and language in online gaming is the type of language used in the game. Different games may require various forms of communication, from text-based chat to voice chat. The type of communication used in a game can shape how players think, remember, and communicate with each other. For example, voice chat may encourage players to communicate more quickly and effectively with each other, while text-based chat may allow for more thoughtful and considerate responses. Emojis, GIFs, and other symbols can also shape how players communicate, as these symbols can often convey ideas and emotions more quickly and effectively than words alone. Finally, how players interact with each other can also shape how they think, remember, and communicate. For example, the presence of in-game leaderboards or rankings can encourage the development of competition and competition-related skills, such as remembering other players' names and scores. Additionally, in-game chat or forums can promote the development of social skills, such as conveying ideas to others and maintaining conversations effectively. One must consider alternative explanations for the findings of this analysis. It is possible that the effects of the variables studied are not due to the gaming systems alone but could be the result of other factors, such as the personal interests and abilities of the players, their social skills, and their access to and familiarity with the technology. Additionally, other factors such as the age and gender of the players, the level of difficulty of the game, and the amount of time spent playing could all play a role in influencing the players' experience .

5 In conclusion, the research into memory structure and processes is critical for understanding how humans learn and remember. To fully understand the complexity of the topic, it is important to consider the source of the research or claims being studied. Different theories and approaches may offer different perspectives on the topic, and the research's cultural context should be considered. Additionally, alternative explanations for the findings should be considered to gain a complete understanding of the complexities involved in memory structure and processes.

6 References Cowan, E. T., Schapiro, A. C., Dunsmoor, J. E., & Murty, V. P. (2021). Memory consolidation as an adaptive process. Psychonomic Bulletin Review , 28 (6), 1796–1810. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-021-01978-x Fernández, G., & Morris, R. G. (2018). Memory, novelty, and prior knowledge. Trends in Neurosciences , 41 (10), 654–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2018.08.006 McBride, D. M., & Cutting, J. C. (2018). Cognitive psychology: Theory, process, and methodology . (2nd Ed). Sage Publications.

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