child development

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Kenyatta University *

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3020

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Psychology

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Nov 24, 2024

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pptx

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Uploaded by DeaconPantherPerson532

CHILDREN’S GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT THEORY STUDENT NAME: ID: DATE:

INTRODUCTION  John Bowlby's Attachment Theory suggest that;  Infants progress through four phases of attachment stages including  Pre-attachment phase or Undiscriminating Social Responsiveness  Attachment-in-the-making Phase or Discriminating Social Responsiveness  Clear-cut Attachment Phase or Active Proximity Seeking Behavior  Goal-corrected Partnership Phase or Goal-Corrected Partnership (Epstein, O. B. (2023).

BIRTH TO 6 WEEKS: PRE-ATTACHMENT PHASE

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BIRTH TO 6 WEEKS: PRE-ATTACHMENT PHASE  During the pre-attachment phase:  Infants like crying and smiling  This helps in attracting the response and attention of caregivers  However, they might not prefer a specific caregiver (Epstein, 2023).

6 WEEKS TO 7 MONTHS: ATTACHMENT-IN-THE- MAKING PHASE

6 WEEKS TO 7 MONTHS: ATTACHMENT-IN-THE- MAKING PHASE  During this stage, Infants;  Develop a sense of trust with individuals who take care of or respond to their needs  They begin to distinguish between unfamiliar and familiar people  They can accept care from strangers but prefer familiar people (Garrett, 2023).

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7 MONTHS TO 24 MONTHS: CLEAR-CUT ATTACHMENT PHASE

7 MONTHS TO 24 MONTHS: CLEAR-CUT ATTACHMENT PHASE  During this stage:  Infants seek regular attachment with their caregivers  Infants show distress when there is a separation  Distinguish unfamiliar from familiar people (Main, 2021).

3 YEARS TO 5 YEARS OLD: GOAL-CORRECTED PARTNERSHIP PHASE

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3 YEARS TO 5 YEARS OLD: GOAL-CORRECTED PARTNERSHIP PHASE  During this stage:  Children become able to tolerate not seeing their close caregivers  They can comprehend other individuals  They form reciprocal relationships  They begin using language to express their needs (Main, 2021)..

PARENTING TECHNIQUES FROM BIRTH TO 5 YEARS  Parents must;  Be responsive to Children’s emotional, social, and physical needs  The parent and the infant must engage in mutually enjoyable behavior  Be positive  Communicate effectively  Set effective routines for their children (Epstein, 2023).

BEING RESPONSIVE TO CHILDREN’S EMOTIONAL, SOCIAL, AND PHYSICAL NEEDS  It is vital for parents to  Understand their children  Fulfill their needs  Protect their children (Garrett, 2023).

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BE POSITIVE AND COMMUNICATE EFFECTIVELY  In addition, parents or caregivers must;  Discuss with children about their problems  Encourage them  Help them with problem-solving techniques  Allow children to express themselves (Main, 2021).

REFERENCES  Epstein, O. B. (2023). John Bowlby, Attachment Theory, and Attachment-Based Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. In Underlying Assumptions in Psychoanalytic Schools (pp. 78-88). Routledge.  Garrett, P. M. (2023). Bowlby, Attachment and the Potency of a ‘Received Idea’. The British Journal of Social Work , 53 (1), 100-117.  Main, M. (2021). Revisiting the founder of attachment theory: memories and informal reflections. Attachment & Human Development , 23 (4), 468-480.

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