Music 2MT3 - 2mt3 notes

Music 2MT3- Music Therapy Week 1 Intro to Music Therapy What is Music Therapy? Definition ● Music therapy is a discipline in which credentialed professionals (MTA) use music purposefully within therapeutic relationships to support development, health, and well being. Music therapists use music safely and ethically to address human needs within cognitive, communicative, emotional, musical, physical, social, and spiritual domains ● *music therapist accredited ● Canadian association of music therapists (CAMT) Music Therapy in Canada ● CAMT is a federally incorporated, self regulated non profit professional association ● It aims to create strong certified music therapists (MTAs) and bring awareness about professional music therapy services throughout canada Provincial music therapy associations in canada ● Most provinces have a provincial body ● Provincial body provides support, they does not regulate the profession Educational preparations ● Education and training of a music therapist is multidisciplinary ● Involves a thorough study of music ● Encompasses subjects such as physiology, anatomy, biology, psychology, couselling, anthropology and movement ● The student must complete a 100hr supervised internship, providing the student with an opportunity to gain practical experience and refine his/her clinical skills Requirements to become MTA ● Supervision is an important part of the internship process and continued professional development ● Certification board of music therapists (CBMT) examination ● Continuing education MTA must maintain their credential through CAMT continuing education process (5 year cycle) What are the personal qualifications of a MTA? ● Musician Downloaded by Kevin Lang (dilas34153@fesgrid.com) lOMoARcPSD|31076631

● Song writing Listening ● Listening helps to develop cognitive skills such as attention and memory ● Early to mid dementia, listening can provide a sense of the familiar, and increase orientation to reality] Singing ● Singing: assists in the development of articulation, rhythm, and breath control ● In a group setting- can improve social skills and foster a greater awareness of others ● For those with dementia, singing can encourage reminiscence and discussions of the past, while reducing anxiety and fear ● For individuals who have difficulty speaking following a stroke, ABI, cognitive decline, music may stimulate the language centers in the brain promoting the ability to sing Song writing ● Facilitates the sharing of feelings, ideas and experiences ● Hospitalized children, means of expressing and understanding fears ● Terminal illness, vehicle for examining feelings about the meaning in life and death ● Opportunity for creating a legacy or a shared experience with a caregiver, child or loved one, prior to death ● All ages (adolescents); painful memories, trauma, abuse and express feelings and thoughts that are normally socially unacceptable, while fostering a sense of identification with a particular group of institution Improvising ● Offers a creative, nonverbal means of expressing thoughts and feelings. Is a non-judgemental, easily approaches, and requires no previous musical training ● Where learning ability is limited, the opportunity to try different instruments, musical sounds, timbres and mediums may provide an opportunity for mastery of a new skill and increase life satisfaction Why music? ● Music is a universal phenomenon. People of all ages and cultural backgrounds can listen, perform, create and enjoy it ● Music is a flexible therapeutic medium because it has many different styles and a variety of ways in which one can be involved (i.e composing, performing, listening) Music as a tool Downloaded by Kevin Lang (dilas34153@fesgrid.com) lOMoARcPSD|31076631

● Wooing? ● Communication? ● Entertainment? Dance? ● Catharsis? Trance? Healing? Why did musicality evolve? ● A descended voice box an evolutionary trade-off; ○ Increased chance of choking, and increased fatality of choking ○ Clapping hands and beating rocks also takes energy, and is often painful So what made it? ● There are multiple theories on why song evolved ○ Most agree that singing promotes social bonding in some form ○ Motherese, emotional communication, courtship, alarm calls ● Similar reasons proposed for rhythmic music ○ Ensemble cohesion (rituals, war, dance, etc) ● Everyone was a musician and dancer! What did music evolve culturally? ● Controlled fire and hearths became common between 800 and 400 thousand years ago ○ Firelit socializing would have arisen during this time ● The homonisms has large and complex brains, were social, creative and innovative ● They lived in groups up to 120; requires social cohesion, cooperation, and coordination ● Storytelling (often with song) creates social bonds ● Near the neolithic period, societies were becoming larger and complex ○ Specialization, division of labour, social hierarchies, trade networds, etc ● Signs of social status and competition became necessary ○ We see fancy beads and burial rites at this point ● Ivory flutes, for example, require; ○ Production skill, costly raw material, costly maintenance Music became specialized too ● At the end of the neolithic period (10 or 12 thousand years ago; agricultural revolution) music became more sophisticated among the educated and powerful ● Somewhere between 5,000 and 2,000 years ago, we see a divide between performers and audiences begin to f ○ Music could be perceived as ‘art’- not only a normal part of dostic life Downloaded by Kevin Lang (dilas34153@fesgrid.com) lOMoARcPSD|31076631

● Utilization of the most important evolutionary aspect of music (its social bonding properties) decreased as our societies grew in complexity History of Music/Health (History of Music Therapy) Preliterate Cultures ● Complex languages, but no symbol system for written communication, therefore what we know about music during this time is speculative ● Music was a supernatural force that affected mental and physical wellbeing ● Music and medicine were almost interchangeable ● “Medicine-men”- healing rituals to appease gods Early civilizations ● 5000-6000yrs BC ● Music played an important part in rational medicine ● Music played an important role in magic and religious healing ceremonies ● Egyptian priest-physicians referred to music as medicine for the soul and often included chant therapies as part of medical practice Ancient Greece 600BC ● Music had force over thought, emotion and physical health ● Healing shrines and temples had hymn specialists and music was prescribed to the mentally distrubed ● Emotional catharsis ● Aristotle: emotional catharsis ● Plato: medicine for the soul Hippocratic Oath ● Classic version of the Hippocratic Oath ● I swear by Appollo physician and Asclepius and Hyygieia and Panaceia and all the gods and goddesses, making them my witnesses, that I will fulfil according to my ability and judgements this oath and this covenant.. ● Apollo- he was the god of healing, medicine and archery, and of music and poetry. He was the leader of the Muses The Middle Ages (c.476-1450 AD) Downloaded by Kevin Lang (dilas34153@fesgrid.com) lOMoARcPSD|31076631