Final PSY3173A

Name: ___________________________________________________ Student number: _________________________________________ Instructions : • When I ask you to explain a concept, detail it or provide examples, you should not copy and paste the lecture notes, but formulate your answer in your own words. 1

Name: ___________________________________________________ Student number: _________________________________________ 1. Assessment and treatment of young offenders (/7) Andrew Smith, 15, is appearing before Judge Brown in youth court for the third time in two years. Andrew's current offenses are theft and possession of a weapon. a) Considering Andrew's case, suggest the most appropriate treatment. (/4) Andrew appearing before the judge for the third time means that he had already committed a crime before and appeared before the judge for a formal court proceeding. Thus, administering a tertiary intervention strategy would be vital in assisting Andrew in coping with crime. In this case, a combination of community-based treatment and cognitive-behavioral treatments would be the suitable treatment for the client. The significance of cognitive-behavioral therapy is that the treatment is effective in reducing recidivism among youths (Assessment and treatment). This treatment works on the basis that individuals gain awareness of their thoughts and behaviors and embrace positive change. Applying this treatment to Andrew would help him understand and go optimistic about his actions' consequences. b) What protective factors should treatment focus on? Name and briefly explain three protective factors. (/3) Self-control: This protective factor enables the client to develop self-control against his negative behaviors. The treatment can start with strategies to manage their emotions, such as mindfulness and relaxation. Eventually, this would help Andrew practice self-control to control their behaviors and make positive choices. Social skills: The treatment may also focus on developing social skills as a protective factor to assist the client. For instance, the treatment may help the client learn relationship and communication skills to mitigate anxiety and develop a stronger supportive relationship with others. The program can realize this protective factor by training Andrew in active listening, expression, and collaboration. Resilience: This factor is crucial for enabling Andrew to be optimistic about the future. Engaging in crime at a young age indicates that the client is hopeless about their future. Building resilience would help Andrew become more aware of life challenges and approaches to deal with them without interfering with the law, thus, developing positive behavior. 2. Child victims (/3) Answer true or false to each of the following statements and provide a brief explanation. a) Victims tend to forget the abuse that occurred during their childhood. (/1) 2

Name: ___________________________________________________ Student number: _________________________________________ Coercion by men Typically, these sex offenders use force to coerce male victims into sexual activities against their will. This may also involve the persistent attempt to engage in a sexual act with someone who has already refused (Sexual violence). An example of this female sex offender is when Ms. Joyce, the manager of a male worker, bullies him into engaging in a sexual act with her or risk contract termination. The female would be using her position to coerce the male into having sexual activities with her. b) Propose a treatment program for sex offenders. This program should emphasize three of the treatment elements covered in class. (/6) Cognitive behavior therapy Cognitive behavior therapy is a treatment program that assists sex offenders in understanding the consequences of their behaviors and developing an effective coping mechanism. This treatment approach focuses on changing the offender's behavior to mitigate recidivism. The main components of this program include the following: -  Helping offenders deal with denial and embrace acceptance of responsibilities. The importance of this phase is that offenders would be able to develop general self-control.  Addressing relationship and intimacy deficits among offenders.  Empathy training to help offenders develop empathy for victims of a sexual offense. Most sexual offenders have an empathy deficit towards their victims; thus, exposing them to empathy training would help them understand the consequences of their actions on the victims and start having feelings for them.  Improving social skills by focusing on the deficit skill. For instance, the program may target anger and self-esteem if the offenders demonstrate a shortage of these skills.  Addressing substance abuse by referring the offender to a substance abuse program. Most sexual offenders are victims of substance abuse, which drives them to commit the offense.  Outlining the offense process and conditions that stimulate the offense and applying prevention techniques. 4

Name: ___________________________________________________ Student number: _________________________________________ 4. Homicides (/10) Complete the following table. Two examples have been provided to give you an idea of the expected format. Comparison points Male serial killers Female serial killers Criminal history Male serial killers tend to have a criminal record for killing and other crime- related activities. (Homicides) Less likely to have a criminal history Accomplice Male serial killers do not have an accomplice. They often engage in the crime without assistance from third parties. Female serial killers have an accomplice. Method to kill Male serial killers are more likely to use a weapon and strangle or stab their victims. Female serial killers are more likely to use poison to kill the victim. Motive to kill Male serial killers are more likely to kill for sexual gratification or pleasure. Female serial killers tend to kill for financial gain. Type of victim Male serial killers are more likely to kill females, prostitutes, migrants, vagrants, children, etc. Female serial killers often kill a community member, family, or someone familiar to them. (Homicides) Geographical type Male serial killers tend to be more mobile (multiple locations) in committing their murders. Female serial killers are more likely to be immobile to commit the crime. 5