399807421-Research Methods

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Psychology

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Nov 24, 2024

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1 Research Methods Student’s Name Institution Affiliation Course Name and Number Instructor’s Name Assignment Due Date

2 Research Methods Which methodology (approach or methods you will use to conduct your study) are you using? The chosen methodology for this research on the impact of climate change on agricultural practices and food security entails a dual approach, integrating both qualitative and quantitative methods. A qualitative analytical approach will examine the intricate sequences of plant development on the river banks and inside agricultural establishments alongside the Nile. This methodology allows a comprehensive analysis of plant populations susceptible to climatic variations and their development patterns. In addition to the above, a quantitative approach employing the WEAP model will be used to comprehensively assess the impacts of changing climates on water resources within the river Nile region, with a specific emphasis on modifications in the pattern of precipitation. Using a simulation-based methodology offers a systematic framework for evaluating complex hydrological networks. This study aims to provide an in-depth comprehension of the complex interplay between climate variations, resources from nature, and agriculture practices by integrating qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The primary objective is to contribute to formulating successful approaches for ensuring food security in the context of evolving environmental conditions. Why did you choose this approach, and why is it the most logical, given your research topic? The decision to use a mixed-methods approach, including both qualitative and quantitative methods, was made because it offers a holistic understanding of the complex interplay of climate change, natural resources, and agricultural practices. Qualitative analysis enables a thorough investigation of the complex patterns of plant development, especially regarding climate-sensitive species. This approach provides insights that could be difficult to get simply by using quantitative measurements. For analyzing the effects of the changing climate on

3 water resources in the river Nile basin, however, an organized structure is provided by the quantitative method using the WEAP model. Given the intricate interaction of environmental components in the studied region, this simulation-based approach provides a methodical and impartial evaluation. In light of the difficulties presented by the effects of climate change, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide comprehensive knowledge and produce valuable insights for successful decision-making in agricultural methods and food safety. This combination technique ensures a comprehensive and rigorous inquiry since it aligns with the complicated nature of the research issue. Discuss the pros and cons of using each data collection method (e.g., self-reports, observational, or physiological measures). Self-reports provide distinctive perspectives into participants' subjective experiences and opinions, facilitating effective data gathering from a large and diverse population (Kashihara & Fukaya, 2022). This approach is constructive for examining intricate psychological occurrences or attitudes that might not seem readily apparent. However, it is prone to response biases since participants could provide false or socially acceptable answers. Self-report data also depends on participant recollection and can be impacted by recall restrictions. At the same time, offering extensive historical context, observational approaches, on the other hand, capture normal behaviors in real-world contexts (Dixon & McKeown, 2021). This method is ideal for examining behavior in their natural surroundings. However, it limits the researcher's supervision and allows interpretation prejudice. Physiological measurements provide factual data instead of relying on observations or self-reports (Strohmaier et al., 2020). They provide accurate indications of how the body functions, making it possible to investigate how it reacts to stimuli. Nevertheless, these measurements may be intrusive or painful for those who take part, and specific tools and

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4 knowledge are often needed. Moreover, it is plausible that physiological measures may not comprehensively capture the many intricacies of an individual's cognitive processes. Every strategy has both benefits and downsides. Therefore, the decision should consider the studied phenomena' unique study goals and characteristics. Provide one example of when each would be useful and explain your reasoning. In order to better understand people's emotional experiences and perspectives, self- reports are very useful. Self-report questionnaires, for instance, may be used in research on mental health to gauge participants' degrees of anxiety or despair and provide clear insight into their purely subjective emotions (Kashihara & Fukaya, 2022). Using this technique, researchers may collect information on complex psychological conditions that could be difficult to observe. Conversely, observational techniques are the best at capturing behavior in the wild. Observations may show how students engage with the lesson content and interact with classmates in research on classroom dynamics (Dixon & McKeown, 2021). In contrast to self-reports, which may include self-presentation prejudices, this method provides a more accurate depiction of behavior. Studying physiological reactions to stress or stressors necessitates the use of physiological measurements. For instance, variation in heart rate or skin conductance might provide helpful information on the body's autonomous responses in a study on stress management by objectively indicating individuals' physiological state of arousal during stressful activities (Strohmaier et al., 2020). In order to provide a thorough knowledge of the phenomena under inquiry, this helps to combine subjective self-reports with tangible physiological data. The research methodology should align with the study's particular objectives and the characteristics of the variables being examined.

5 In addition, select a peer-reviewed article for each data collection method (e.g., three total), summarize the articles, and explain how each research method was used. Di Giuseppe et al. (2020) presented the DMRS-SR-30, a unique self-report measure centered around the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales, in the research that used the self-report approach (Di Giuseppe et al., 2020). This self-report measure aims to evaluate defensive systems crucial to psychological functioning. The DMRS-SR-30 was given to research subjects to complete, giving them a subjective understanding of their defensive systems. This self-report tool provides a means to assess psychological defensive systems from the person's viewpoint, which is a valuable contribution to psychiatry. Moving on to the observational approach, McCord and Matusovich (2019) conducted research that employed naturalistic observations to examine metacognition in engineering (McCord & Matusovich, 2019). This method entailed closely watching and documenting engineering students' metacognitive activity in their typical learning contexts. The researchers' meticulous documentation of occurrences of metacognitive actions allowed for a thorough investigation of how students used their metacognitive abilities in actual engineering scenarios (McCord & Matusovich, 2019). This observational research provides insight into how metacognition is used in educational institutions for engineers in the real world. Utilizing physiological measurements in well-being research is the article's main topic by Yetton et al. (2019). The authors rigorously examine the limits and takeaways from using cognitive and physiological metrics in well-being research (Yetton et al., 2019). In this context, physiological measurements employ heart rate monitors, EEGs, or additional instruments to evaluate responses to stimuli associated with well-being scientifically. The research emphasizes the necessity for multiple methods when examining well-being by highlighting the challenges

6 and dangers of depending on physiological markers (Yetton et al., 2019). This article emphasizes the significance of taking physiological and self-report metrics into account to get a thorough picture of well-being.

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7 References Di Giuseppe, M., Perry, J. C., Lucchesi, M., Michelini, M., Vitiello, S., Piantanida, A., ... & Conversano, C. (2020). Preliminary reliability and validity of the DMRS-SR-30, a novel self-report measure based on the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales. Frontiers in psychiatry , 11 , 870. Dixon, J., & McKeown, S. (2021). Negative contact, collective action, and social change: Critical reflections, technological advances, and new directions. Journal of Social Issues , 77 (1), 242-257. Kashihara, S., & Fukaya, T. (2022). Does a self-report questionnaire predict strategy use in mathematical problem solving among elementary school children? Importance of question format depending on the grade. European Journal of Psychology of Education , 1-19. McCord, R. E., & Matusovich, H. M. (2019). Naturalistic observations of metacognition in engineering: Using observational methods to study metacognitive engagement in engineering. Journal of Engineering Education , 108 (4), 481–502. Strohmaier, A. R., Schiepe-Tiska, A., & Reiss, K. M. (2020). A Comparison of Self-Reports and Electrodermal Activity as Indicators of Mathematics State Anxiety. An Application of the Control-Value Theory. Frontline Learning Research , 8 (1), 16-32. Yetton, B. D., Revord, J., Margolis, S., Lyubomirsky, S., & Seitz, A. R. (2019). Cognitive and physiological measures in well-being science: Limitations and lessons. Frontiers in Psychology , p. 10 , 1630.

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