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1 Impulse Control Disorder Name Institution Course Instructor Date

2 Impulse Control Disorder DSM V Diagnostic Criteria for Impulse Control Disorder 1. Diagnostic Criteria F63.9: Impulse Control Disorder: It is usually not easy to diagnose impulse control disorder because it requires symptoms and persistence in a certain period. It is difficult to distinguish the disease because the occurrence of the symptoms might take time for another episode of symptoms to be established. Failure to resist an inclination, desire, or temptation to engage in dangerous behavior is one of the symptoms mental health professionals look for when assessing a patient's mental condition, as outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). An individual's level of anxiety increases just before they engage in the act. At the same time, they feel relief and pleasure when they carry it out, which is also a symptom of Impulse Control Disorder that can be utilized in making a diagnosis ( Dogansen et al., 2019) . The diagnostic criteria of Impulse Control Disorder are usually done when the mental health professionals look at the following signs and symptoms; isolation from friends and family, compulsive lying, starting fires, sudden explosive violence, stealing, hair pulling, poor social skills, and participating in risky social behaviors. 2. Individuals with impulse control disorder struggle daily with a severe loss of self-control, which has far-reaching consequences in their personal, family, social, and academic life. Most of the affected people are prone to academic failure and unable to meet responsibilities assigned at work hence making them not only socially challenged but also economically challenged as they cannot engage themselves in something productive

3 ( Dogansen et al., 2019) . Sometimes, people affected can be so violent that other people will disengage with them hence making the affected person suffer from social issues. Meta-Analytic Article Review De Sousa, S. M., Baranoff, J., Rushworth, R. L., Butler, J., Sorbello, J., Vorster, J., ... & Torpy, D. J. (2020). Impulse control disorders in dopamine agonist-treated hyperprolactinemia: prevalence and risk factors. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , 105 (3), e108-e118. Introduction – Focus of Research Individuals with impulse control disorders (ICDs) struggle to regulate their impulses, leading to considerable disturbance in social and vocational functioning, financial and other legal issues, and potential danger to themselves or others. Evidence suggests that hyperprolactinemic people are more susceptible to developing impulse control disorders (ICDs) after being exposed to dopamine agonists (DAs). However, this risk's potential impact and its predictive variables are yet unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the frequency and risk factors of Impulse Control Disorder in hyperprolactinemic individuals treated with DA to those in the general population. The study participants included 113 patients and 99 healthy controls, and the research design was a multicenter cross-sectional analysis. Hypersexuality was assessed using a neuropsychological battery that included the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory, Social Desirability Response Set Scale and Hypersexual Behavior Consequences Scale. An assortment of demographic and clinical information was gathered to identify potential ICD risk factors. Patients with an ICD were allowed to participate in a semi-structured psychological interview. Literature review

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4 Impulsive actions are shown by everyone sometimes. Some impulsivity is healthy, whether indulging in a piece of cake while on a diet or treating a person to new shoes, even if they already have many. On the other hand, those who suffer from impulse control disorders struggle to maintain self-control even while engaging in actions that society accepts as "normal" when they are performed seldom or to a smaller extent ( Dogansen et al., 2019) . The hallmark symptoms of impulse control disorder are as follows: conduct that is continued despite knowing it will lead to harm, Distressing conduct that cannot seem to stop doing, Experiencing uncontrollable desires to participate in the inappropriate activity and acting on those urges in order to relieve stress or satisfy a need for pleasure are both symptoms of addiction. Separate and distinct impulse control disorders include kleptomania, pyromania, intermittent explosive disorder, compulsive gambling, and trichotillomania, as stated by De Sousa et al. (2020). A lack of ability to regulate one's impulses is a hallmark of many mental disorders, including bulimia, drug misuse, and paraphilias. Method Gathering accurate data from a wide range of sources was the first step in the study. The information was compiled using a network meta-analysis of randomized tests performed on a wide range of individuals diagnosed with Impulse Control Disorders and a methodological assessment of those tests. This study's participants were all sourced from databases, including MEDLINE, Wanfang data, and Web of Science. Data collection and analysis included both active and placebo-controlled studies. Results Hypersexuality was more common among patients than controls (32.1 vs. 7.1%, P =.009), as was compulsive shopping (16.9 vs. 5.1%, P =.041) and punding (19.6 vs. 6.1%, P =

5 0.012), according to the QUIP-S. For hypersexuality, the HBI revealed identical results (7.0% vs. 1%, P = 0.004). Many factors, such as male sex (odds ratio [OR] 13.85), eugonadal (OR 7.85), Hardy's tumor score and mental comorbidities (OR 6.86), and elderly age, were independent risk factors for hypersexuality (OR 0.95). All patient and control groups and patient groups with various types of implanted cardiac defibrillators had huge DASS21 subgroup scores compared to control groups without such devices. Of the 51 individuals studied, only 19 (37.4%) knew about the association between Dopamine Agonists and Impulse Control Disorders. Discussion/Implication Based on the findings, it is clear that Dopamine Agonist treatment is associated with an elevated, underappreciated danger of Impulse Control Disorders, including hypersexuality in eugonadal males. Most patients under Dopamine Agonist therapy were discovered to have disorders relating to impulse control compared to those who were not under the therapy. Randomized Clinical Trial Article Review Yahya, A. S., Khawaja, S., & Chukwuma, J. (2020). Management of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry , 24 (3), 30-34. Introduction – Focus of Research The authors focus on impulse control issues, describing the evidence foundation for psychological therapies, and emphasizing the necessity of prompt detection and proper psychoeducation to mitigate potential adverse outcomes. Fifty papers were identified by thorough searches of bibliographical databases and included in the Meta-analysis. By investigating whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has significant behavioral benefits on Impulse Control Disorder, the research aims to identify effective treatment options for this condition.

6 Literature review Patients and their loved ones might suffer significantly due to Impulse Control Disorders. Disruption in social, vocational, and interpersonal functioning and an increased caregiver load are direct results of these conditions. Those who get treatment late in the game sometimes have to borrow heavily to cover the costs associated with their condition, and their relationships with loved ones often deteriorate as a result ( Yahya et al., 2020) . When patients' social circles are disturbed, they experience a loss of psychological stability. The treatment of impulse control disorders has significantly benefited from several randomized controlled trials examining the effects of psychiatric medicine. Method Embase, Medline, PsycInfo, and PubMed were only a few of the significant bibliographical databases searched in detail. Four distinct versions of the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool were used to assess the reliability of all included studies. The concept accurately evaluated bias-inducing factors during the robust randomization of allocation sequence generation. After each round of comparisons between psychotherapy associates and the comparison variable, the effect size reflecting the difference between the two groups was calculated. Results A total of 1,321 summaries were produced due to the systematic reviews. A total of 201 full-text papers were examined, with 151 being disallowed due to not meeting the inclusion criteria. A total of 1,321 patients participated in the research through the fifty questionnaires used. Large, with minor to moderate variability, was the pooled effect size of 40 contrasts between reviews of psychotherapy and the control cluster. Self-reported effects were shown to be

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7 less significant than those based on clinician-calculated instruments. The impact of behavior change was experienced in most patients, especially those with Parkinson's disease. Thus, there was insufficient research comparing cognitive behavioral therapy to other pharmacological or psychotherapies to draw any firm conclusions about the two's relative effectiveness or enduring effects. Discussion/Implications According to the outcome of the research, it is evident that cognitive behavior therapy is the most effective psychological therapy to be utilized among patients with Impulse Control Disorder.

8 References De Sousa, S. M., Baranoff, J., Rushworth, R. L., Butler, J., Sorbello, J., Vorster, J., ... & Torpy, D. J. (2020). Impulse control disorders in dopamine agonist-treated hyperprolactinemia: prevalence and risk factors. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , 105 (3), e108-e118. Dogansen, S. C., Cikrikcili, U., Oruk, G., Kutbay, N. O., Tanrikulu, S., Hekimsoy, Z., ... & Yarman, S. (2019). Dopamine agonist-induced impulse control disorders in patients with prolactinoma: a cross-sectional multicenter study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism , 104 (7), 2527-2534. Yahya, A. S., Khawaja, S., & Chukwuma, J. (2020). Management of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease. Progress in Neurology and Psychiatry , 24 (3), 30-34.

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