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Jun 22, 2024

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NEUR1020 – Sample Final Exam QUESTION 1 A psychologist is treating a patient, Big Albert, who has recently developed a fear of guinea pigs. They discover that an old conditioned fear of rats, whilst absent for several years, has returned. Fill in the blanks of this scenario: The CR ______ similar novel stimuli; the disappearance of the CR indicates _____, whilst the reappearance of the CR indicates ________. A. generalises to; forgetting; spontaneous recovery. B. generalises to; extinction; spontaneous recovery. C. discriminates; extinction; spontaneous recovery. D. discriminates; forgetting; remembering. QUESTION 2 Elly is studying for an exam. As a way to help motivate her Elly's sister gives her a chocolate treat after five correct responses. Is this continuous or partial reinforcement and what variety of reinforcement is being used? A. Partial; variable ratio B. Continuous; variable ratio C. Continuous; fixed ratio D. Partial; fixed ratio QUESTION 3 What is true about neurons in a retinotopically organised brain region? A. neurons that respond to input from adjacent locations in visual space are adjacent to one another B. neurons that respond selectively to input from one eye are in opposite hemispheres C. neurons in diUerent visual regions encode progressively more complex inputs D. neurons that encode similar inputs are located in the same regions QUESTION 4 Mary had a severe stroke and lost sensation on one entire side of her body. Which lobe and primary brain area has the stroke most likely aUected? A. The parietal lobe, and the primary somatosensory cortex. B. The parietal lobe, and the primary motor cortex C. The temporal lobe, and the primary somatosensory cortex. D. The frontal lobe, and the primary motor cortex. QUESTION 5 You use operant conditioning techniques to litter train your cat, specifically you follow a positive reinforcement technique and give them a treat after every use of the litterbox. Is this technique more or less eUective than punishment techniques and what outcome is associated with this approach? A. More; produces fast acquisition B. Less; produces fast acquisition C. Less; harder to extinguish D. More; harder to extinguish

QUESTION 6 Photoreceptors in the visual system are the equivalent of __________ in the auditory system. A. the cochlear B. the ear C. ganglion cells D. hair cells QUESTION 7 You are testing a patient who has had a recent stroke. During the testing you notice that he doesn't seem to see things on his left side, although he says that his vision is fine. What part of his brain do you think is damaged and what do you suspect is wrong with him? A. Occipital lobe; he is blind to things on the left. B. Frontal lobe; he does not understand the testing and gives inappropriate answers C. Parietal lobe; he is unaware of things on the left. D. Broca's area; he cannot report things that are on the left. QUESTION 8 Two researchers separately set out to examine the relationship between the amount of caUeine consumption and level of physical activity during the day. One researcher measures physical activity by having participants wear a wristband activity monitor and the other researcher asks participants rate at the end of the day how physically active they were during the day. They both repeat their experiment several times and, in all cases, find an identical pattern of results. What can you conclude about their measures from this statement? A. They are both valid but they not both reliable B. They are both reliable and valid C. They are neither reliable nor valid D. They are both reliable but they are not both valid QUESTION 9 Agnes does not report things on her left side after she suUered a recent stroke. Agnes most likely has ________ caused by damage to her ________ A. Broca's aphasia; left frontal lobe B. cortical scotoma; right occipital lobe C. impairment of attention; right parietal lobe D. amnesia; medial temporal lobe QUESTION 10 Captain Ahab lost an eye during an unfortunate accident with a sea creature. Despite this, he is still able to see reasonably well in both visual hemifields. This is due to ___________. A. the fact that his remaining eye still receives information from both sides of visual space B. the fact that visual input through the retina and consequent V1 activity are not necessary for visual perception C. the fact that each hemisphere of the brain still receives information from both sides of visual space D. the fact that perceptual filling-in can compensate for blind spots in the visual field

QUESTION 11 What is a correct order of events that occur during an action potential? A. Membrane potential becomes depolarised, ion channels open to allow sodium to ﬂow into of the cell (depolarisation), positive ions keep ﬂowing into the cell until membrane potential is restored (repolarisation) B. Sodium ion channels open; positive ions ﬂow out of the cell (depolarisation); sodium- potassium pump forces positive ions back out the cell (repolarisation) C. The membrane potential passes the threshold level; ion channels open to allow sodium ions to ﬂow into the cell (depolarisation); ion channels open to allow potassium to ﬂow out of the cell (repolarisation) D. None of these options QUESTION 12 James was examining whether confidence in research design and statistics increases by studying psychology for one semester. To do this, he recruited students who were studying NEUR1020, telling them that the study was particularly important for female students because a lot of female students study psychology, but they are often not so confident in science and maths. The students completed a brief test on research design and statistics and then rated how confident they were in their performance on the test, both at the start of semester and at the end of semester. Which of the following is a potential source of bias in this study design? A. Stereotype threat B. All of these options C. Placebo eUect D. Sampling bias QUESTION 13 If the sodium potassium pump is actively pumping positive charge out of the cell away from the less positively charged area inside the cell, this acts to A. None of these options B. Facilitate depolarisation of the membrane potential C. Lower the threshold level to trigger an action potential D. Raise the membrane potential closer to the threshold to trigger an action potential QUESTION 14 A psychology professor is trying to use reinforcement on their students to increase how much eUort they are putting towards their assignment. What is the fastest way for the professor to have their students increase their eUort? A. Provide positive statements and feedback to the students every three weeks B. Provide positive statements and feedback to the students randomly every couple of submissions C. Provide positive statements and feedback to the students randomly around every couple weeks D. Provide positive statements and feedback to the students every time they submit some work

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QUESTION 15 In signal detection theory, which of the following represents the highest sensitivity? A. High hit rate and low false alarm rate B. Low hit rate and high false alarm rate C. Low false alarm rate and low hit rate D. High hit rate and high false alarm rate QUESTION 16 What kind of statement is this: "People with higher IQ will score higher on the final exam than people with lower IQ" A. Theory B. Paradigm C. Hypothesis D. None of these options QUESTION 17 You wake up after attending a party the night before, and think back on your night. Despite the fact that you only had a couple of drinks, you can most sharply remember the beginning and end of the evening. Which memory eUect might account for this? A. Interference in memory B. Primacy and recency eUects C. Temporal decay D. No schema to reconstruct events that occurred in the middle of the evening QUESTION 18 Which of the following best describes the active reconstructive nature of memory? A. Memory does not always perfectly store information because we must interpret information as it is being encoded, which can introduce inaccuracies for what is stored. B. The reconstructive nature of memory exists due to confirmation bias. C. Memory only appears to have an active reconstructive element because people often try and manipulate others. D. Capacity limits in short-term memory create a need for active reconstruction of events. QUESTION 19 Iconic storage refers to: A. Our memory for visual icons such as the McDonalds logo or the Microsoft Word logo B. Our short-lasting, high-resolution memory for visual information C. Our memory for iconic events, such as September 11, 2001 D. Our long-lasting, high-resolution memory for visual information QUESTION 20 Amy has brain damage that prevents inter-hemispheric communication. What activity would she NOT be able to perform when presented information to her right visual field? A. None of these options B. Comprehending a presented word C. Drawing a presented object with her right hand D. Verbally naming a presented object

QUESTION 21 A boy was placed as a lookout overnight for a ﬂock of sheep. He was instructed to cry "WOLF!" and wake the adults only if there was a wolf approaching and not some other kind of animal. The boy wanted to be certain not to lose any sheep, and so he cried "WOLF!" every time he heard any animal noise nearby. What would this mean in terms of signal detection theory? A. The boy had a high hit-rate B. The boy had low sensitivity C. All of these options D. The boy had a bias which resulted in many "false alarms" QUESTION 22 Jackie's water bottle is sitting to the left of her computer. She is so engrossed in the video clip playing on her computer that she doesn’t take her eyes oU the screen when she reaches out to pick up her water bottle. In order to pick it up, her ______ ______ cortex will send information to the ______ ______cortex so that she can use her right hand to retrieve the bottle. A. left visual; right motor B. left visual; left motor C. right visual; right motor D. right visual; left motor QUESTION 23 Some drugs act to replace missing neurotransmitter in the brain by directly binding to receptors for that type of neurotransmitter. For example, patients with Parkinson's disease are given L-DOPA which turns into dopamine in the brain and binds with dopamine receptors. The fact that L-DOPA has eUects only on dopamine receptors and does not bind with other types of neurotransmitter receptors is a demonstration of what? A. The Lock and Key principle of neurotransmitters and receptors B. The All-or-Nothing principle of action potentials for neurotransmitter release C. All of these options D. The complexity of drug treatment to properly restore neurotransmitter balance QUESTION 24 In an old psychology textbook, you read that: “A person's intellectual ability is determined by their genes and thus fixed from birth”. This is an example of a __________ A. Paradigm B. Non-scientific claim C. Hypothesis D. Theory QUESTION 25 Cathryn has undergone neural surgery to sever her corpus callosum as a last resort treatment for her severe epilepsy. As a consequence, when Cathryn is presented with a word on the ______ side of a screen she is able to say the word, but she is unable to draw a picture of it with her ____ hand. A. Left; Left B. Right; Left C. Right; Right D. Left; Right

QUESTION 26 Karen was at a party at her friends house, drinking a lot of wine, and is now having diUiculty standing and walking without stumbling. What part of her brain has been aUected by her large consumption of alcohol and is causing her abnormal movements? A. Cerebellum B. Parietal lobe C. Brainstem D. Motor cortex QUESTION 27 Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Statement 1: The right hemisphere is required for speech in all people. Statement 2: An intact corpus callosum is required in order to comprehend a word that is presented brieﬂy on the left of a screen. A. False; True B. True; True C. True; False D. False; False QUESTION 28 A patient who survived a recent stroke is experiencing diUiculty in being able to communicate. Although he can speak ﬂuently, people just can't seem to understand what he is saying and he cannot understand them. Which part of his brain is most likely damaged? A. Parietal lobe B. Occipital lobe C. Frontal lobe D. Temporal lobe QUESTION 29 Mike is searching for his transport Go Card. It is bright green and he knows it's amongst all the clutter on his desk. Luckily he sees it immediately as it is the only brightly coloured thing on his desk. What aspect of attention is most responsible in this scenario? A. Bottom-up controlled attention B. Top-down spotlight search C. Bottom-up pop-out D. Top-down feature selection QUESTION 30 Elliot, an airport baggage screener searching for weapons, saw a long object that looked like it might be a knife, but then realised was actually a curling iron and allowed past. In signal detection theory, this is an example of a _____. A. Correct rejection B. Miss C. Hit D. False alarm

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QUESTION 31 You are practicing your sport to build your "muscle memory". Of course, muscles do not have memory, but you are improving your skill and you can remember how you have been practicing every day. Which of the following is true about what is happening in this scenario? A. You are retrieving procedural memories from the past from your hippocampus B. You are retrieving episodic memories of previous times you have practiced from your hippocampus C. Your hippocampus is encoding new procedural memories of your sport D. Your hippocampus is encoding new episodic memories of this current practice session QUESTION 32 David believes the Earth is ﬂat and therefore predicts it must have an edge. He takes a year out of his regular job and sails across the ocean in an attempt to find the edge of the earth. This is an example of what? A. Rosenthal eUect B. Confirmation bias C. Testing a hypothesis D. An experimental design study QUESTION 33 You are a researcher looking to investigate word reading speed in an English speaking population. You make up one standard list of English words that everyone reads, and you measure how many words they can read in 30 seconds. What is the problem with this measure? A. There is nothing apparent that is wrong with this measure B. Reliability - the test will give diUerent reading scores if diUerent words were used in the list C. Reliability - the test will give diUerent reading scores because people have diUerent reading abilities D. Validity - the test cannot be generalised to use in non-English speaking people QUESTION 34 Chuck survived a shooting accident in which a bullet passed right through the very back of his head, resulting in a lesion to the most posterior part of his occipital lobe right in the centre. As a result, he was left without vision in part of his visual field. What part of his visual field was most likely aUected? A. Central vision B. Peripheral vision C. Upper visual field D. Lower visual field QUESTION 35 After hitting his head in a serious car accident, John suUered permanent injury to his frontal lobes. What would you expect to most likely change in his behaviour? A. DiUiculty with hand-eye coordination, for example using a needle and thread B. DiUiculty choosing appropriate actions and suppressing inappropriate ones C. DiUiculty understanding what people are saying when they speak D. Loss of memory of any events following the accident

QUESTION 36 After an accident at work, Bob claims he can no longer see and is seeking compensation. You test Bob's vision in a task where he must press a button when a red square is ﬂashed on the screen and to not respond when a green triangle is presented, and he performs at a rate of 80% accuracy. What most likely accounts for Bob's performance? A. Bob had blindsight B. Bob can actually see and is pretending so he can get compensation C. Bob has a cerebral achromotopsia and cannot see colour D. Bob has only partial visual disturbance due to damage to only one eye QUESTION 37 Veronica was participating in some research for course credit at her university. She found the researcher very handsome and wanted to impress him. When completing a questionnaire for the research, Veronica found herself answering in the way he might want, knowing that he was watching and would see her answers. This is an example of ___ ___ called the _____ _____. A. sampling bias, Hawthorne EUect B. subject bias, Rosenthal eUect C. researcher bias, Hawthorne eUect D. participant bias, demand eUect QUESTION 38 In classical conditioning, which of the following aUects the acquisition of the conditioned response? A. All of these options B. Order of presentation of US and CS C. Number of US-CS pairings D. Timing of the CS relative to the US QUESTION 39 Research participants are recruited by advertising to UQ first-year psychology students for a study examining the eUect of social isolation on study motivation in university students. In this example, who are the population and who are the sample? A. The population is UQ first-year students and the sample is psychology students B. The population and sample are UQ first-year students C. The population is university students and the sample is UQ first-year psychology students D. The population is UQ first-year psychology students and the sample is university students QUESTION 40 Your friend boasts that they have an eidetic memory, which you're certain is false. To prove it, you set up a recall test where they are shown a sequence of 15 numbers with no opportunity to rehearse the sequence. Because you have studied NEUR1020 and know all about memory, how many numbers do you expect your friend to correctly recall? A. 0 numbers B. 15 numbers C. 4 numbers D. 7 numbers

QUESTION 41 You are conducting an experiment to examine the eUect of distracting information on memory recall of past events. What psychological paradigm is most applicable in this study? A. Psychodynamic B. Cognitive C. Behavioural D. Biological QUESTION 42 Which of the below would you rate as LEAST IMPORTANT as a factor in evaluating the quality of evidence? A. Reputation of the group that conducted the study B. Appropriateness of the study design C. Replicability of the results D. Validity of the measures used QUESTION 43 I am trying to remember my shopping list before I leave home to go to the supermarket and have 6 things to buy. I have just learnt about a new memory retrieval technique and so decide to group these items based on their categories, with milk and yogurt grouped as dairy, chicken and pork grouped as meat, and bananas and apples grouped as fruit. What is this an example of? A. Pegword technique B. Keyword method C. Chunking D. Method of Loci QUESTION 44 When something involuntarily grabs your attention, this is a form of ________ attention. A. top-down B. bottom-up C. goal-directed D. hemi-spatial QUESTION 45 Following a stroke, an MRI scan reveals that a patient has severe damage to their primary visual cortex V1 in their left hemisphere. This person _________. A. cannot see anything from the left side of visual space. B. cannot see anything from the right side of visual space. C. cannot see anything from the left eye. D. cannot see anything from the right eye. QUESTION 46 Which of the following is TRUE about top-down processes? A. Involve cognitive or volitional control B. Automatic without conscious awareness C. None of these options D. Driven by things that are highly salient and stand out

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QUESTION 47 When lighting suddenly changes, we still perceive objects as having a constant colour because _________. A. we learn the colour of the objects from past experience, and then always see them as that colour B. the retina adapts quickly to lighting conditions, giving a stable perception of colours C. objects always reﬂect a constant wavelength of light, giving them a specific and constant colour, no matter what the lighting conditions D. the visual system subtracts hues caused by lighting from our impressions of object colour QUESTION 48 Joe had an episode in which he blacked out and people around said that he had a seizure. In hospital, what test would the doctors likely use to monitor for abnormal activity in Joe's brain? A. Electrical brain stimulation B. Electroencephalography (EEG) C. Functional MRI D. Single neuron recording QUESTION 49 Betty suUered from a severe stroke leaving her with several damaged areas within her brain. Specifically, key areas of damage included her motor cortex and sensory cortex. Which of the following statements is true regarding her condition? A. She should avoid using her impaired hand until her motor cortex has time to regenerate and repair and she regains movement of her hand B. Neuroplasticity can occur allowing a re-organisation within her motor and sensory cortex so that new areas can take over control from damaged areas C. New neurons are able to regrow to replace damaged ones in the aUected brain areas, providing she undertakes regular movement rehabilitation treatment D. She will slowly regain movement and sensation as neurogenesis will allow her motor and sensory cortex to repair over time QUESTION 50 When pre-synaptic and post-synaptic neurons fire simultaneously, this causes _____ A. Epileptic seizures B. Strengthening of the synapse connections between the neurons C. Recollection of associated concepts or memories, such as your grandmother D. Graded potentials that lower the threshold for action potentials

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