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University of Technology Sydney *

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70114

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Political Science

Date

Oct 30, 2023

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docx

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16. Question:** What is the concept of a "political ideology," and can you provide examples of prominent political ideologies? **Answer:** A political ideology is a set of beliefs and values that guide one's views on politics and government. Examples include liberalism, conservatism, socialism, libertarianism, and feminism. **17. Question:** Define the term "checks and balances" in a democratic system. How does it contribute to the system's stability? **Answer:** Checks and balances refer to the system in which each branch of government (legislative, executive, and judicial) has the power to limit or influence the actions of the other branches. This system prevents the concentration of power and safeguards against abuse, contributing to the stability and fairness of a democratic government. **18. Question:** What is the significance of political participation in a democratic society, and how can citizens engage in the political process? **Answer:** Political participation is essential for democracy as it allows citizens to have a voice in government and influence decision-making. Citizens can engage through activities like voting in elections, running for office, participating in protests, or contacting their representatives. **19. Question:** Explain the concept of political sovereignty and its role in the international system. **Answer:** Political sovereignty refers to the exclusive authority of a state to govern within its borders without external interference. It is a fundamental principle in international relations, where states are considered equal and have the right to self-determination and non-interference. **20. Question:** How does the principle of "rule of law" influence the functioning of a democratic government? **Answer:** The rule of law requires that all individuals and institutions are subject to and accountable under the law. It ensures that government actions are fair, predictable, and consistent, promoting justice and protecting individual rights in a democracy. **21. Question:** What is the difference between authoritarian and totalitarian regimes?

**Answer:** Authoritarian regimes limit political freedoms and competition but may allow some civil liberties. Totalitarian regimes, on the other hand, seek to control all aspects of public and private life, suppressing individual rights and freedoms. **22. Question:** What are the key components of a nation-state, and how does this concept relate to sovereignty? **Answer:** A nation-state is characterized by defined territorial boundaries, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. Sovereignty is linked to the government's authority over the territory and people within those boundaries. **23. Question:** Explain the term "political polarization" and its potential impact on the functioning of democratic institutions. **Answer:** Political polarization refers to the increasing ideological division and hostility between political groups. It can lead to gridlock in decision-making, decreased cooperation, and a weakening of democratic institutions. **24. Question:** How do international treaties and agreements contribute to the global political landscape, and what is the role of diplomacy in negotiating such agreements? **Answer:** International treaties and agreements facilitate cooperation among nations on various issues, from trade to security. Diplomacy is the process of negotiation and dialogue that helps states reach mutually beneficial agreements, promoting peace and resolving conflicts in the international arena. **25. Question:** What is the role of a constitution in safeguarding democratic principles and human rights in a country? **Answer:** A constitution serves as the legal foundation of a country's political system, outlining the framework for government, protecting human rights, and establishing the rule of law. It provides a set of rules and principles that guide the behavior of government institutions and protect the rights and liberties of citizens.

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