BVM Task 2 2_1
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Feb 20, 2024
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Uploaded by MajorRook3169
Terhonda Jiles
BVM Task 2
January 30, 2024
A. Explain the reasons for the rise of partisan politics in the Early Republic.
Partisanship caused the government to adjust. Partisanship is the state in which people identify with and dedicate themselves to a political party. Partisan politics result from this. These factions engage in conflict over political dominance. Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans, or anti-federalists, existed in the early Republic. The parties disagreed about how to run the newly formed country. The popular preference throughout George Washington's administration was for a strong central government headed by federalists John Adams and Alexander Hamilton. Thomas Jefferson was the leader of the Jeffersonian Republicans, often known as anti-federalists, who supported a strong national government. (Norton, 2015)
The federalist party believed that by creating a strong, centralized financial system, removing the articles of confederation to enact the new constitution would increase national stability. They thought that a country with a more powerful and centralized government would be more stable. To capitalize on pre-
existing commercial links, the Federalist Party engaged in foreign policy cooperation with the English. The Jeffersonian Republicans were against the new constitution because they thought that individual freedoms and state sovereignty would be compromised by a centralized government. The Jeffersonian Republicans were prepared to support any country in Europe and chose to side with France. The Federalist Party emerged victorious in the 1797 election. With the election of John Adams as the second president in 1797, the federalist party triumphed. After winning the 1800 election, Thomas Jefferson would go on to become the third president. Thus, the foundation for the two-party system was created. (Norton, 2015)
B. Discuss the development of the Second Party System by doing the following:
B.1. The Whigs favored a federal government, whereas the Democrats favored state governments. The Whig Party was composed of both northerners and southerners; northerners supported the abolition of slavery, while southerners did not. At this point, the Republican Party was framed. Democrats supported minimal government and thought that those positions of wealth had benefited from it. Moreover, Democrats opposed paper money and corporate charters for the National Bank. Most Democrats seized the chance to acquire land because of western expansion. The Whig Party opposed western expansion and supported improvements inside the nation's existing borders. The Whigs supported top-
down government and advocated for paper money, corporate charters, and a National Bank. They also think that riches were earned by the wealthy themselves. The Whig party was pro-slavery overall. (Norton, 2015)
B.2. The Whig Party was led by Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, Thurlow Weed, and William H. Seward. They maintained the authority of Congress over the presidency while endorsing modernization and economic protectionism. Voters who were free black and evangelical Protestants were drawn to the Whigs' moral form philosophy. The Democratic Party leaders were Andrew Jackson, Lewis Cass, Stephen Douglas, John C. Calhoun, James K. Polk, and Martin Van Buren. They won over 90% of reformed Dutch voters, 95% of Irish Catholics, and 80% of German Catholics. (Norton, 2015)
B.3. It was the Second Party system that spurred an increase in voter interest and political commitment. Examples include the ability to vote for those who own little property, the ability for women to participate in political campaigns but not vote, and the ability for non-citizens who intend to become citizens to vote. (Norton, 2015)
C. Discuss the major movements and events that led to the Civil War by doing the following:
C.1. Supporters of slavery held the view that everyone in society profited from slavery and that society would fall apart if it were abolished. On the other hand, abolitionists opposed slavery and thought it was both a moral and a financial problem. Quakers asserted that "all are equal in God's eyes," supporting the moral argument. The economic argument posited that social mobility is attainable
for any hardworking individual. The cost of owning slaves prevented white people
from advancing in society. (Norton, 2015)
C.2.
The United States' westward expansion led to an increase in sectional tensions between the North and South. They couldn't agree on slave states or slave free states. Slavery was a major thing during that time. Each state would express how they felt on slavery at the time of formation and for the most part, the South supported slavery while the North didn’t. The Senate was okay with the
decisions from the states as long as the balance remained equal, but if it went left, tensions would increase. They feared that if they admitted too many states with a viewpoint, they would lose their advantage in the democratic process of making decisions. They didn't want to be out voted, so they rejected it. In order to address this issue, Henry Clay suggested that all states would either be free or slave states based on their border with Missouri. (Norton, 2015)
C.3.
The three primary occasions that paved the way for the American Civil War to
start. They were the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas Nebraska Act, and the Fugitive Slave Act. In the 1850 compromise, the slave trade was abolished in the District of Columbia, Texas lost territory but received $10 million to pay off its debt, and tensions worsened once the Fugitive Slave Act was put into effect. Utah and New Mexico were also given the option of accepting slavery. California also joined the union as a Free State. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 was overturned by the Kansas Nebraska Act, giving the residents of the Kansas Nebraska territory the freedom to decide whether or not to admit slavery within its boundaries. The Dredd Scott ruling, which held that black people lacked the right to sue in federal court because they were not citizens of the United States. Slavery also spread throughout the states as a result of this. This also significantly reduced the north's political efficacy. It was catching on like wildfire, inspiring similar actions in other states. The 1860 election was the final one. Abraham Lincoln was elected President of the United States during this time. Despite being a republican, he detested the idea of slavery. Many were aware of his opposition to slavery and his intention to outlaw it while in power. The Confederate States were established. They resisted the abolition of slavery, which led to a great deal of conflict in the South. The southern states' decision to secede was also influenced by this election. This indicates that they had abandoned their ideals and desired to leave the Confederacy. The Dredd Scott case, in which an enslaved
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person petitioned for his freedom while traveling with his master to a free state. The case was heard by the Supreme Court over the course of eleven years. Scott lost the legal battle because the judge ruled that it was constitutional for people to be able to enslave others. The choice deepened the rift between the North and
the South. (Norton, 2015)
Norton, M.B. (2015). A People and a Nation: A History of the United States.
https://ng.cengage.com/static/nb/ui/evo/index.html?
snapshotId=140078&id=38559619&deploymentId=488871221336673891358082
15&eISBN=9781305816817
Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopedia. "Benjamin R. Curtis". Encyclopedia Britannica, 31 Oct. 2023, Accessed 27 November 2023.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Benjamin-R-Curtis