EXAM II - PRACTICE QUESTIONS - ON 3 & 5
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Feb 20, 2024
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10. 11. PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DR. JOE NJOROGE EXAM Il — PRACTICE QUESTIONS — SPRING 2022. In the United States, the national and state governments have both independent and shared powers over their citizens, but the national and state governments do not owe their existences to each other. Intergovernmental relations are characterized by mostly informal, continuous contacts between officials at different levels of government who share or exchange information and views or agree on the terms of sharing of jurisdiction. The U.S. government, which relies primarily on inelastic sources of revenue such as income taxes, is the least efficient at generating revenue, while at the same time it is the level of government most relied upon to deliver costly social services. The Bush administration eliminated many grant-in-aid programs but increased grant-in-aid spending, whereas the Clinton administration promoted reductions in grant-in-aid spending. Since the early 1800s, the courts in the United States have acted as “umpires” by defining the acceptable boundaries of intergovernmental relations. A study published in October 1993 claimed that 25 percent of all local government budgets were needed to meet federal regulatory standards. Formal organization theory is best implemented by the open-systems model of participation. Under formal theories of organization, the needs of the organization as a whole are virtually synonymous with management’s needs. The notion that organizations are arranged rationally—according to functions, geographic areas, processes, or clientele served—was a contribution of scientific management. In the Hawthorne experiments, male and female workers tended to act the same way in a number of respects. The Hawthorne studies established the importance of the informal social structure and worker integration.
12. The concept of social-psychological zone of acceptance is associated with Chester Barnard. 13.The federal government has yet to implement total quality management in any of its agencies. 14. The AARA stands for the a. American Assertive Representative Association. b. Association for American Recession Applicants. c.American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. d. American Association of Retired Academics. 15. Legislation that applied pressure to state governments to raise the minimum drinking age to twenty-one is an example of: a. intergovernmental regulation. b. transfer of programmatic jurisdictions between state and national governments. c. decentralization. d. categorical grants. 16. A change in intergovernmental management instituted by the Reagan administration was a. abandoning of the intergovernmental mandate system. b. the seeking of no new categorical grant authorizations. c. abolition of Federal Regional Councils. d. rescinding Executive Order (EO) 12372. 17. Which of the following was not an inherent purpose of block grants? a. Reducing overall intergovernmental spending b. Subordinating national purposes to those of the states c. Eliminating substantial numbers of categorical grants d. Turning over programmatic control to local governing bodies 18. A form of fiscal assistance given for relatively narrow and specific purposes defined by the grantor are: block grants. categorical grants. formula grants. project grants. 19. Which of the following was not a rationale used between 1960 and 1980 in favor of national grant-in-aid programs? Equalizing resources per capita among richer and poorer states Improving the service of state and local government programs Establishing nationwide standards for programs funded by the national government Yielding total program control to state and local elected officials 20. are the most inelastic of the major taxes used in the United States. a. Graduated income taxes b. Non-graduated income taxes c. Personal and real property taxes
25 26. 27. N PooTo 23. 24. 2. Sales taxes Excise taxes . Which of the following is not a form of federalism in U.S. history? Bamboo-fence federalism Dual federalism Marble cake federalism Picket-fence federalism Reserve federalism Which of the following is(are) involved in intergovernmental relations? Legislative branch Appointed officials Non-appointed civil service Elected state and local officials All of the above All of the following are part of Weber’s model of bureaucracy except a. formal rules and procedures. b. hierarchy. c. narrow span of control. d. maintenance of files and records. Which of the following is part of both Weber’s and Taylor’s theories of organization? a. Emphasis on productivity, rationality, and profit b. Assumption of a vertical “chain of command” c. Finding the “one best way” to perform a task d. A concern with the professionalism of employees . Which of the following most fully explains organized labor’s opposition to industry’s adoption of scientific management practices in the early 1900s? a. Taylor’s failure to allow for worker participation in management decision making b. The fact that the selection of workers was not really scientific in the pure sense of the word c. The unpopularity of time and motion studies d. Taylor’s failure to account for supply and demand in assuming labor’s support for maximum productivity The concept of self-actualization is associated with a. Kurt Lewin. b. Elton Mayo. C. Chester Barnard, d. Abraham Maslow, The modern theory of organization, which contrasts sharply with Weber’s view of a self- contained bureaucratic structure, is a. organizational development. b. game theory.
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28. 29. 30. C. d. cybernetics. open-systems theory. A modern theory of organization that emphasizes interpersonal trust, participation, subtlety, and intimacy among supervisors and subordinates is a b. C. d Theory Z. Theory X. management according to task. open-systems theory. Which of the following is not part of the open-systems approach to organization theory? a. b. C. d. Organizations respond to pressures from the environment. Outcomes of organizational actions are predictable. Organizations tend toward differentiation and elaboration. Organizations seek equilibrium. Which of the following is NOT true of informal channels of communication within organizations? a. b. c. d. They always follow proper organizational channels to their intended recipients. They may originate with individuals not acting officially. Senders of such communications often try to avoid going through formal hierarchical (or other) channels. They are not “building blocks” to articulate official purposes, strategies, and tactics.